Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanı Fatih Dönmez, canlı yayında merak edilen soruları yanıtladı.
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Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanı Fatih Dönmez, canlı yayında merak edilen soruları yanıtladı.
Bakan Dönmez'in açıklamalarından öne çıkanlar şöyle:
Bundan 11 yıl önce burada sahada hiçbir şey yoktu. 22 bin kazık çakıldı. Yaklaşık boyu 1400 kilometre. Türkiye'de her 4 kazık makinasının 3'ü bu alanda çalıştı. Şu an itibariyle baktığımızda yüzde 80-90 oranında tamamlanma söz konusu. Deniz tarafında ciddi işimiz var. 180 kilometre uzakta 10 kuyunun sondajını yaptık. Kuyu içi tamamlama işlemleri bitti. Bir de kuyu tabanında bunları birbirine bağlayan ekipmanların montajı var. Boru hattı çekim işlemleri deniz tarafında bitti. Şimdi ağırlıklı olarak bu sahanın tamamlanması var. Deniz tabanındaki kuyuların kuyu başı işlemleri tamamlandı, dağıtım merkezinin montajı tamamlandı, borular döşendi, boruların testleri yapılıyor. İnşallah süreç planlandığı şekilde de devam ediyor.
YILLIK YAKLAŞIK 3,5 MİLYAR METREKÜP GAZ
İlk faz üretimimiz günlük 10 milyon metreküplük. Yıllık yaklaşık 3,5 milyar metreküplük gazı karaya getirecek. Filyos'ta yapmış olduğumuz işleme tesisi onun temizliğini yapacak. Sahamızın bitişiğinde BOTAŞ'ın istasyonu var, oradan iletime verecek. BOTAŞ hazır vaziyette bekliyor. Glikol hattından glikol basacağız. Antifiriz kimyası. Çıkan ham petrolün içinde su damlacıkları varsa onun donmasını önleyecek, yani sürekli bir geri dönüşüm işlemi olacak. Basınç ayarlamaları, debi kontrolleri bu merkezden yapılacak. Otomasyon sistemini hazırlıyoruz. Hangi kuyudan ne kadar üretilecek? Üretim miktarı, basınçların ayarlanmasını yerli yazılım sistemiyle uzaktan yapmış olacağız. Bu teknoljinin bir kısım malzemelerini yurt dışından getirtik. Mekanik aksan, kablolama burada yapıldı. Su tabanına yerleştirilecek malzemenin bir kısmını da Türkiye'de yapmaya başladık. İkinci fazda yerlilik oranı çok daha yüksek olacak. Filyos endüstri bölgesinde de bir planlama yapılıyor. Karadeniz'deki bu çalışma birkaç yıllık çalışma değil. Bu rezerv bize 30 yıl yetecek.
"ROMANYA, BULGARİSTAN BİZİ TAKİP EDİYOR"
Karadeniz'de Romanya, Bulgaristan bizi takip ediyor. Biz buradaki tecrübemizi ve bilgimizi onlarla birlikte değerlenme imkanımız olacak. Biz doğal olarak kendi projemize odaklandık. Türkiye Petrolleri de bir tecrübe kazanmış oluyor. Şu andaki planlamamız karaya çıkış noktası, terminali olarak Filyos'u planlıyoruz. Daha doğu veya batıdan keşif gelirse başka noktalardan da karaya çıkışları planlayabiliriz. Şu anda burada yaklaşık 6 bin 500 işçi çalışıyor. 2 bin 500 de denizde çalışanlarımız var. 1 hafta 10 gün içinde karada çalışanlarımızın sayısı 7 bin 500'e çıkacak. İkinci fazdaki bazı işlerin altyapısı hazır edilerek inşa ediliyor. Burada bir borulama işi var. Haberleşme ve data hatlarımız var. Ful otomatik sistem olacak. Enerji kablolarına da ihtiyacımız var. Görmüş olduğunuz tesiste bunların hepsini birlikte inşa ediyoruz.
"1 YILDA 50 YILDA ÜRETİLEN GAZI ÇIKARTMIŞ OLACAĞIZ"
Medyada yer alan haberlerin kaynağı ya TPAO ya Enerji Bakanlığı'dır. Onların açıkladıklarında yalan, hilafı hakikat söz konusu değil. Akçakoca'da yaklaşık 1.6 milyar metreküplük rezerv vardı. Bunları ürettik, kullandık. Trakya'da petrol olmakla birlikte doğalgaz keşifleri öne çıktı, bunlar da doğru. Biz bu çalışmalara başladığımızda 2017'deydi. Akdeniz'de 2018'de gemi alındı. Seçim 2018'in Haziran'ında yapıldı. Kurumun, bakanlığın planı, programı var. Seçimlere bakılmaksızın yapıldı bunlar. Son 20 yılda ülkede 13-15 defa seçim oldu. Referandumlar var. Bu bizim takvimimizle ilgisi alakası olmayan hususlar. Bulduğumuz şeyi açıklamayalım mı? Türkiye'de bugüne kadar başta Trakya olmak üzere kısmen de güneydoğuda doğalgaz üretimi vardı. Biz sadece bu sahada 1 yılda 50 yılda üretilen gazı çıkartmış olacağız. Burada 2020 yılında önce sismik çalışmalar yapıldı. Sonra bu çalışmalar yorumlandı. Tuna 1 kuyusunda keşif amaçlı sondajımız oldu. Ağustos 2020 yılında sayın Cumhurbaşkanımız milletimize bu müjdeyi verdi. Testler yapılmadı iddiası var. Tamamen yalan. Tam 2888 adet test yapıldı kuyu içerisinde. Burada mühendislik açısından destek aldığımız şirketler var. Bunların isimlerini vermek doğru değil; ama dünyanın en iyi firmalarıyla çalışıyoruz.
ÜCRETSİZ DAĞITILACAK MI?
Biz bu sahanın üçüncü bir taraf tarafından bağımsız denetlenmesini istedik. Biz ilk kuyuyu açtığımızda sadece tek kuyu üzerinden çalışma yapmıştık. Sonra kuyu sayısı 13'e çıktı. Artık sahayı daha iyi tanıyoruz. Bir üçüncü değerleme firmasına, yüzyıllık geçmişi olan, kurucularına 'petrol jeofiziğin babası' deniyor. Kendimiz emin olsak bile, bu değerlemeyi yaptık. Bunun sonucunda yukarı yönde bir revizyon çıktı. 652 metreküpe revize ettik. Bu şirket 100 yıldır çalışıyor. Bu işe başlamadan önceki maliyet hesaplamalarımız, ithal ettiğimiz gaza göre burası çok daha ekonomik gözüküyor. Bundan doğal olarak vatandaşlarımız da istifa edecek. Bu iş ücretsiz dağıtılacak diye bir algı olmasını istemem, çünkü burada masraflar da var.
"DIŞA BAĞIMLILIĞIMIZ AZALACAK"
Bundan hem milletimiz, hem devletimiz kazançlı çıkacak. Bizim enerjide dışa bağımlılığımızı azaltacak. Şu anda yüzde 99,3'ünü ithal ettiğimiz doğalgazdan bahsediyoruz. 15-20 milyar metreküp gaz hedefliyoruz. Bu rakamlara göre aşağı yukarı yüzde 30'lar seviyesinde olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Bu bizim ilk keşfimizle ilgili. 405 milyar metreküpü revize ettik. Bu ona göre yaptığımız hesap. İlave keşiflerle Çaycuma ve Amasra'da 710 milyar metreküpe ulaştık. Türkiye'de konutlarda tüketilen gazı 33 yıl kullanacağını görüyoruz. İlk fazda yıllık 3,5-4 milyar metreküp bir gaz üretimi söz konusu olacak. Bir anda bütün kuyuları üretime almaya çalışsaydık en az 5 yıla ihtiyacımız vardı. Biz kısa bir süre içinde ilk gazı vermek istedik. İlk fazda çıkan gaz evlerimizin mutfaklarında kullanılacak gazın tamamını karşılıyor. 4 yıl içinde tüm ısınma ihtiyacını karşılayabilecek.
"ÇOK BÜYÜK GAZ REZERVİNE SAHİP OLACAĞIZ"
Bulgaristan'la son aylarda bazı teknik görüşmeler vardı. 3 hafta önce Bulgaristan heyetini sayın Cumhurbaşkanımız İstanbul'da ağırladı. Gündemde enerji ve doğalgaz konusu vardı. Bulgaristan bizim gibi enerjide dışa bağımlı ülke. Alternatif kaynak arayışı içindelerdi. Bizim altyapımız oldukça güçlü. Depolarımızın kapasite sayısını artırdık. Öncelikle kendi arz güvenliğimiz, kendi içimizde tüketilecek gazın işlenmesi ve iletilmesiyle ilgili. Bir taraftan Avrupa'nın güney doğusunda gaz merkezi olma çabamız vardı. Bu ete kemiğe büründü. Bulgaristan'da yapılan anlaşma ile bunun ilk adımını atmış olduk. Türkiye 15 çeşitli kaynaktan doğalgaz alıyor. İran, Azerbaycan, Rusya en çok doğalgaz rezervine sahip ülkeler. Hazar'ın doğusundan, Irak'tan, Doğu Akdeniz'den gelecek kaynaklar da eklenebilir. Bu kaynağın girdiği noktada pazarın oluşması, ticaretin oluşması gayet doğal. Bir de buna yerli gazı eklediğimiz de çok daha büyük gaz rezervine sahip olacağız.
"PAZAR YERİ TÜRKİYE OLACAK, FİYAT BURADA OLUŞACAK"
Bizim Rusya ile kontratlarımız yıllardır devam ediyor. İlk tedarikçimiz Rusya olmuş. Rahmetli Özal zamanında yapılmış sözleşme. Sonrasında biz iktidara geldiğimizde sadece 5 büyük şehirde, 50 ilçede doğalgaz varken bugün hamdolsun 81 ile götürmüş durumdayız. Batıdan gelen hat yetmedi. Mavi Akım Samsun'dan giriş yaptı. Ondan sonra Tanap eklendi. Türk Akım iki boru hattı devreye girdi. Biri sadece bize çalışıyor, diğeri Bulgaristan üzerinden Avrupa'ya gidiyor. Azerbaycan, Rusya, İran burada oyuncu olabilir. Birçok terminalimiz var. Biz burada pazar yeri açıyoruz. Siz pazarda bazen yöresine, bazen türüne göre tercih ediyorsunuz. Pazar yeri Türkiye olacak, fiyat burada oluşacak. Biz burada oyuncu olacağız. Bunların servis bedeli olacak. Biz kaynaklara yakınız. Gazı alırken Batı Avrupa'daki pazarlarda oluşan fiyata endeksli alıyoruz. Ama biz bu göstergeyi Türkiye'de oluşturursak Güneydoğu Avrupa'da bölge açısından da avantaj olacak. Şu anda yol haritasını tamamlamak üzereyiz. Fiziki olarak altyapımız hazır. Son 4 yıldır Türkiye'de doğalgaz ticaret platformunu ulusal piyasa için çalıştırıyoruz. Yazılım ve IT altyapısı büyük oranda hazır. Uluslararası piyasaların beklentileri doğrultusunda fiyat oluşumuyla ilgili görüşmeler yapıyoruz. Nitekim Bulgaristan ve Makedonya'daki seyahatimizde bunları konuştuk. Onlar da bize destek oluyorlar. Kaynak ülkeleri ile görüşüyoruz. Onlar da bu fikre sıcak bakıyorlar. Herkesin güven duyacağı şeffaf bir piyasayı oluşturabileceğini düşünüyoruz.