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Destansı Medine Müdafaası ile tanınan "Çöl Kaplanı" lakaplı Ömer Fahreddin Paşa (Ömer Fahreddin Türkkan), vefatının 75. yılında dualarla yad ediliyor.
Bulgaristan sınırları içerisindeki Rusçuk'ta 1868'de dünyaya gelen Fahreddin Paşa, 93 Harbi'nden sonra ailesiyle İstanbul'a taşındı.
Fahreddin Paşa, 1888'de Harp Okulu'nu, 1891'de kurmay subayların yetiştirildiği Erkan-ı Harbiyye'yi bitirdi ve kurmay yüzbaşı olarak orduda göreve başladı.
EDİRNE'NİN GERİ ALINMASINDA ROLÜ BÜYÜK Balkan Savaşı sırasında görev aldığı Çatalca savunmasındaki başarısıyla Edirne'nin geri alınmasında rol oynayan Fahrettin Paşa, Osmanlı Devleti 1914'te 1. Dünya Savaşı'na girdiği zaman miralay rütbesiyle 4. Ordu'ya bağlı 12. Kolordu kumandanı olarak Musul'da bulundu.
Fahreddin Paşa, 25 Kasım 1914'te mirlivalığa terfi ettirildi.
ŞERİF HÜSEYİN VE ÇOCUKLARININ BAŞLATTIĞI İSYANI BAŞARIYLA PÜSKÜRTTÜ Fahreddin Paşa, 26 Ocak 1915'te 12. Kolordu'daki görevinin yanı sıra 4. Ordu kumandan vekilliğine getirildiği dönemde birçok Ermeni ayaklanmasını başarıyla bastırdı. Bu sırada İngilizlerle anlaşan Mekke Şerifi Hüseyin'in isyana hazırlandığı haberinin alınması üzerine Paşa, 4. Ordu kumandanı Cemal Paşa tarafından 28 Mayıs 1916'da Medine'ye gönderildi.
Burada Hüseyin'in birkaç gün içinde isyan edeceğini Cemal Paşa'ya bildiren Fahreddin Paşa, ardından Şerif Hüseyin ve dört oğlunun 3 Haziran 1916'da Medine çevresindeki demir yolunu ve telgraf hatlarını tahrip ederek başlattığı isyanı 5-6 Haziran gecesi aldığı tedbirlerle geri püskürttü.
Osmanlıya karşı başkaldıran asilerin sayısı 50 bin, bütün Hicaz bölgesindeki Osmanlı askerinin sayısı ise 15 bin civarındayken hemen karşı harekata geçen Fahreddin Paşa, 27 Haziran 1916'da asileri yenilgiye uğrattı.
MEDİNE'Yİ 2 YIL 7 AY BOYUNCA MÜDAFAA ETTİ Bunun üzerine Fahreddin Paşa, 15 Temmuz 1916'da yeni birliklerle takviye edilen Hicaz Kuvve-i Seferiyyesi kumandanlığına atandı.
Mekke Valisi Galib Paşa'nın tedbirsizliği sebebiyle asiler 9 Haziran'da genel saldırıya geçerek 16 Haziran'da Cidde'ye, 7 Temmuz'da Mekke'ye, 22 Eylül'de de Taif'e girdi.
Fahreddin Paşa'nın savunduğu Medine dışındaki hemen bütün büyük merkezler asilerin eline geçti. Bu sırada Kanal Harekatı bütün şiddetiyle devam ettiğinden Hicaz'a asker gönderilemiyordu.
Fahreddin Paşa, elinde bulunan son derece kısıtlı imkanlarla Medine'yi 2 yıl 7 ay boyunca müdafaa etti.
Önce Medine ve çevresinde bir güvenlik hattı oluşturmak için Aşar Boğazı, Bi'riderviş, Bi'riabbas ve Bi'rireha mevkilerini asilerden temizleyen Fahreddin Paşa, 29 Ağustos 1916'da Medine çevresinde 100 kilometrelik bir emniyet şeridi oluşturdu.
Medine'yi savunabilmek için İstanbul'dan devamlı takviye kuvveti isteyen Fahreddin Paşa'ya Osmanlı hükümeti, isteklerine cevap verebilecek durumda olmadığını bildiriyordu.
KUTSAL EMANETLERİ 2 BİN ASKERİN KORUMASIYLA İSTANBUL'A GÖNDERDİ Fahreddin Paşa, Osmanlı hükümetinin Hicaz'ı kısmen boşaltma kararı alması üzerine, herhangi bir yağmaya karşı Medine'de Hz. Peygamber'in mezarında bulunan mukaddes emanetlerin İstanbul'a nakledilmesini hükümete teklif etti. Bunun üzerine sorumluluk kendisinde olmak şartıyla teklifi hükümet tarafından kabul edildi.
Paşa, bir komisyon kurarak tek tek kontrol ettirdiği 30 parçadan oluşan ve günümüzde Topkapı Sarayı'nda sergilenen, her yıl milyonlarca kişinin ziyaret ettiği Hazreti Peygamber'in kutsal emanetlerini 2 bin askerin koruması altında İstanbul'a gönderdi.
Bedeviler, Şerif Hüseyin ve İngilizlerin safına geçince Medine'yi Suriye'ye bağlayan demir yolunun korunması güçleşti. Meşhur İngiliz casusu Lawrence, demir yolu boyunca dolaşarak rayları dinamitle parçalattı.
Bunun üzerine çölün ortasında çevreyle irtibatı kesilmiş bir kale durumuna gelen ve iaşesi de azalan Medine'nin tahliyesine karar verildi. Mekke Emiri Şerif Haydar Paşa ve 3-4 bin kişilik yerli halk Medine'den ayrıldı.
Fahreddin Paşa, elinde kalan az sayıdaki kuvvetle hem bu çöl yolunu hem de Medine'yi müdafaaya devam etti. Fakat Hicaz demir yolunun Medine'ye yakın olan Tebük-Medain arasındaki Müdevvere İstasyonu'nun düşman eline geçmesinden sonra Medine Kalesi isyancılar tarafından kuşatıldı.
O dönemin güç şartlarına rağmen Fahreddin Paşa şehrin müdafaasını sürdürdü. Kuşatmadan önce kaleyi tahliye etmesini teklif eden İstanbul hükümetine, "Medine Kalesi'nden Türk bayrağını ben kendi elimle indiremem, eğer mutlaka tahliye edecekseniz buraya başka bir kumandan gönderin." şeklinde cevap verdi.
Fahreddin Paşa ve askerleri bir taraftan düşmanla, diğer taraftan açlık ve hastalıkla mücadele ederken İngilizlere karşı 2. Kanal Harekatı felaketle sonuçlandı, Filistin elden çıktı ve en yakın Osmanlı kuvvetleri Medine'den 1300 kilometre uzakta kaldı.
MEDİNE'NİN TESLİM EDİLMESİ İSTEKLERİNE CEVAP VERMEDİ Bu olayların yaşandığı sırada Osmanlı Devleti mağlup oldu ve 30 Ekim 1918'de Mondros Mütarekesi'ni imzaladı. Mütarekenin 16. maddesine göre teslim olması gereken Fahreddin Paşa bunu kabul etmedi. İstanbul Hükümeti'nin Mondros Mütarekesi'ni tebliğ etmek üzere gönderdiği yüzbaşıyı hapsederek İstanbul'u cevapsız bıraktı.
Fahreddin Paşa, bir yandan İngilizlerin bir yandan Medine'yi kuşatmış Şerif Hüseyin'in kuvvetlerinin Medine'nin bir an önce teslim edilmesi isteklerine karşılık vermedi. Babıali, İngilizlerin de baskısı üzerine bu defa padişahın imzasını taşıyan bir teslim emrini Adliye Nazırı Haydar Molla ile Medine'ye gönderdi. Fahreddin Paşa bu emri de dinlemedi. Askerlerin çoğunun hasta olmasına, cephane, ilaç ve giyecek stoklarının bitmesine rağmen direnmeye devam etti. Ancak sonunda kendi subaylarının da baskısı ile teslim olmaya rıza gösterdi. Kabul edilen teslim şartlarının başında, 24 saat içinde Haşimi kuvvetleri karargahında misafir edileceği ifadesi yer aldığı halde Fahreddin Paşa, Ravza-i Mutahhara (Hz. Muhammed'in mezarından minberine kadar olan yer) yakınındaki bir medreseye giderek yatağına girdi ve bir yere gitmeyeceğini ifade etti; kendisiyle 10 Ocak 1919'da görüşmeye gelen kumandan vekili Necib Bey ve etrafındakiler tarafından tutulup Haşimi karargahında hazırlanan çadırına götürüldü. "RÜYAMDA EFENDİMİZİ GÖRDÜM, BENDEN SÖZ ALDI BURAYI TERK EDEMEM" Ömer Fahreddin Paşa 'nın Medine Müdafaası sırasında hem İngilizlere hem de Şerif Hüseyin'e "Ben rüyamda peygamber efendimizi gördüm. Bana asla burayı terk etmemem için söz aldı. Bu yüzden ben şahsen burayı terk edemem" şeklinde cevap verdiği kaynaklarda yer alıyor. ALBAYA TOKAT: SANA 2 SENEDİR OSMANLI'NIN TESLİM OLMAYACAĞINI ÖĞRETEMEDİM Hz. Peygamberin şehrini, Müslümanların onurunu savunun kumandan Ömer Fahreddin Paşa, bir sabah namazında, kendi askerlerinin Mescid-i Nebevi'ye düzenlediği baskınla derdest ediliyor. Bu hadisenin yaşandığı sırada Albay Necib'in Fahreddin Paşa'ya "Sen beni tanıyorsun ben seni. Geldiği nokta bu, paşam gel teslim olalım" dediği, paşanın bu sözler sonrası albaya tokat atıp "Sana 2 senedir şunu öğretemedim, Osmanlı teslim olmaz" sözleriyle çıkıştığı tarihçiler tarafından naklediliyor. "VALLAHİ FAHREDDİN SÖZÜNDE DURDU YA RESULULLAH" Fahreddin Paşa'nın Hücre-i Saadet dairesinin tam önünde durup Naci Kıcıman'a dönerek "Naci al bu kılıcımı! Anamız Hz. Fatıma'nın başına koy" dediği, gözyaşları içinde Peygamber efendimizin kabrine dönüp "Vallahi Fahreddin sözünde durdu ya Resulallah! Ben teslim olmuyorum, bunlar götürüyor" diye ağladığı anlatılıyor.
Şerif Abdullah'ın kuvvetleri, antlaşma gereğince 13 Ocak 1919'da Medine'ye girdi. Böylece Mondros Mütarekesi'nden 72 gün sonra Medine teslim edilmiş oldu.
Ölüme mahkum edildi, Malta'dan kurtulup 1921'de Kabil elçisi oldu
İngilizlerin "Türk kaplanı", "Çöl Kaplanı" lakaplarını taktığı Fahreddin Paşa, 27 Ocak'ta savaş esiri olarak Mısır'a gönderildi, 5 Ağustos'ta Malta'ya sürgün edildi; sürgün sırasında, savaş suçlularını yargılamak üzere işgalci devlet tarafından İstanbul'da kurdurulan ve başkanından dolayı halk arasında Nemrud Mustafa Divan-ı Harbi adı verilen mahkemece ölüme mahkum edildi. Ancak Fahreddin Paşa, Ankara hükümetinin gayretleriyle 8 Nisan 1921'de Malta'dan kurtuldu, Berlin'de karşılaştığı Enver Paşa'nın daveti üzerine Moskova'ya geçti, burada İslam İhtilal Cemiyetleri İttihadı Kongresi'ne iştirak etti.
24 Eylül 1921'de Milli Mücadele'ye katılmak için Ankara'ya gelen Fahreddin Paşa, 9 Kasım 1921'de Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi'nin Kabil elçisi olarak tayin edildi ve Türk-Afgan dostluğunun gelişmesinde önemli rol oynadı. 12 Mayıs 1926'da görevinin sona ermesi üzerine yurda dönen Fahreddin Paşa, 5 Şubat 1936'da Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri'nden tümgeneral rütbesiyle emekliye ayrıldı, 22 Kasım 1948'de vefat etti.
Fahreddin Paşa'nın naaşı Aşiyan Mezarlığı'na defnedildi.