"Uzay vatan"da söz sahibi olabilmek için çalışmalarını 30 yıldır sürdüren ve uydu alanındaki başarısını ilk insanlı uzay misyonuyla yakalayan Türkiye, gözünü "derin uzay" ve Ay Projesi'ne çevirdi.
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"Uzay vatan"da söz sahibi olabilmek için çalışmalarını 30 yıldır sürdüren ve uydu alanındaki başarısını ilk insanlı uzay misyonuyla yakalayan Türkiye, gözünü "derin uzay" ve Ay Projesi'ne çevirdi.
AA muhabirinin derlediği bilgilere göre, Türkiye'nin uzay çalışmaları, bu alandaki ihtiyaçların AR-GE yoluyla karşılanması ve bilgi birikimi oluşturulması hedefiyle başladı.
Türkiye'nin uzay serüveninin başlaması, yer gözlem uyduları geliştirme çalışmalarının temellerinin atıldığı 1990'lı yıllara dayanıyor. Ülkede 2001-2003 döneminde ise devlet desteği ve teknoloji transferi yöntemiyle bu çalışmalar yürütüldü.
Türkiye Uzay Ajansının (TUA) 2018'de kurulmasının ardından devlet politikalarına uygun uzay çalışmalarının yürütülmesine öncelik verildi.
Başkan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan tarafından 2021'de ilan edilen Milli Uzay Programı kapsamında ilk Türk astronot Alper Gezeravcı, 19 Ocak'ta Uluslararası Uzay İstasyonu'na 13 bilimsel deney yapmak üzere gönderildi.
"Uzay vatan"da oluşan ve 1 trilyon doları bulması beklenen ekonomiden pay almak isteyen Türkiye'nin sıradaki hedefi, "Ay Projesi"ni hayata geçirmek. Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı öncülüğünde bu kapsamda çalışmalarını sürdüren Türkiye, 2026'da Ay'a ilk uzay aracını göndermeyi planlıyor. Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanı Mehmet Fatih Kacır, projeye yönelik "Ay'a kendi geliştirdiğimiz ve ürettiğimiz uzay aracıyla erişeceğiz." değerlendirmesinde bulunmuştu.
Türkiye'nin uzay çalışmalarında, çok sayıda uydu ve roket projesi yer alıyor.
Bu projelerden bazıları şöyle:
BİLSAT uydusu: Türkiye'nin ilk uzaktan algılama uydusu BiLSAT, 2003'te yörüngeye yerleştirildi. Yapımında İngiliz bir şirketle işbirliği yapıldı ve Türk araştırmacılara, uydu yapım sürecini öğrenmeleri ve bağımsız uydu yapabilme yeteneği kazanmaları için eğitim verildi. BİLSAT projesi kapsamında TÜBİTAK UZAY tesislerinde yer istasyonu ve uydu üretim/test laboratuvarları kuruldu. Yerli imkanlarla Çok Bantlı Kamera (ÇOBAN) ve Gerçek Zamanlı Görüntü İşleme (GEZGİN) kartı tasarlandı. Bu ekipmanlar, uzay alanında Türkiye'de tasarlanan ve üretilen ilk ürünler olarak tarihe geçti.
RASAT uydusu: BİLSAT uydusu yapılırken işin daha iyi öğrenilebilmesi için mühendislik modeli sayılabilecek yerli üretilen ilk yer gözlem uydusu RASAT oldu. RASAT, 2004'te devlet desteğiyle geliştirilmeye başlandı. Tamamı Türkiye'de Türk mühendisler tarafından tasarlanıp üretilen ve 2011'de fırlatılan milli gözlem uydusu RASAT ile Türkiye, uydu teknolojisinde söz sahibi ülke haline geldi.
GÖKTÜRK 2 uydusu: Bu proje, 2007-2012 döneminde Türk Hava Kuvvetlerinin yüksek çözünürlüklü istihbarat uydusu ihtiyacını karşılamak için TÜBİTAK UZAY'ın ana yürütücülüğünde, TUSAŞ firmasıyla gerçekleştirildi. Aralık 2012'de fırlatılan uyduyla Türkiye, kendi imkanlarıyla yüksek çözünürlüklü yer gözlem uydusu üretebilen 16 ülkeden biri olmayı başardı.
GÖKTÜRK 1 uydusu: GÖKTÜRK1 çalışmaları kapsamında, uzay ve uydu sistemlerine yönelik teknoloji, uzman insan gücü ve altyapı oluşturulması amaçlandı. Türkiye'nin gelecekteki gözlem ve haberleşme uydularının yurt içinde üretilmesine yönelik kritik altyapı olan Uydu Montaj, Entegrasyon ve Test (USET) Merkezi kuruldu. Uydunun çevresel ve işlevsel testleri burada gerçekleştirildi. Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerinin hedef istihbaratına yönelik uydu görüntüsü ihtiyacını karşılamak amacıyla üretilen uydu, 2016'da uzaya fırlatıldı.
TÜRKSAT UYDULARI
Türkiye'nin uzay çalışmalarında Türksat uyduları da önemli yer tutuyor. Türksat 3A uydusu 2008'de, Türksat 4A 2014'te, Türksat 4B ise 2015'te uzaya gönderildi. Türksat 5A ve Türksat 5B uydularının fırlatma işlemi de 2021'de gerçekleştirildi.
Türksat 5A, mevcut haberleşme uydularını destekleyecek şekilde hizmet sunuyor. Söz konusu uydu Türkiye, Avrupa, Orta Doğu, Kuzey Afrika, Orta Batı Afrika, Güney Afrika, Akdeniz, Ege Denizi ve Karadeniz'i kapsayan geniş bir coğrafyada televizyon yayıncılığı ve veri haberleşme hizmetleri sunuyor. Bu uydu, çok daha kaliteli televizyon yayıncılığı ve haberleşme hizmeti sağlıyor.
Türksat 5B uydusuyla haberleşme ve internette yüksek kapasite artışı sağlandı.
Türksat 5B, Türkiye'nin uydu veri kapasitesini 15 kattan fazla artırdı. Uydu, Türkiye'nin yanı sıra Orta Doğu'nun tamamı, Basra Körfezi, Kızıldeniz, Akdeniz, Kuzey ve Doğu Afrika, Nijerya, Güney Afrika ve yakın coğrafyadaki komşu ülkeleri kapsıyor.
Türksat 6A'nın yapım çalışmaları da hızla devam ediyor. Uydunun kullanılacak alt sistemleri, uydu yer istasyonu ve yazılımları milli imkanlarla geliştiriliyor. Türksat 6A, Türkiye'nin yanı sıra Avrupa, Kuzey Afrika, Orta Doğu ve Asya'nın büyük bölümüne hizmet sunacak. Türkiye dünya üzerinde haberleşme uydusu üretip geliştirebilen ülkeler arasına adını yazdıracak.
İMECE UYDUSU
Türkiye, metre altı çözünürlüğe sahip yerli ve milli ilk gözlem uydusu İMECE'yle, sıfırdan yer gözlem uydusu ve yer istasyonu alt sistemlerini tasarlayıp üretebilecek kabiliyete sahip ülke konumuna geldi.
Elektro-optik kamera dışında, elektrikli itki sistemi, güneş algılayıcı, yıldız izler, tepki tekeri, küresel konumlandırma sistemi alıcısı, manyetometre, X bant haberleşme ekipmanı ve anteni, S bant haberleşme ekipmanları ve antenleri, güç düzenleme ve dağıtım ekipmanları, uçuş bilgisayarı, uçuş yazılımları, yer istasyonu anteni, yer istasyonu yazılımları İMECE projesi kapsamında yerli olarak geliştirildi.
SAVUNMA SANAYİSİ PROJELERİ
Savunma sanayisi şirketlerince geliştirilen hava savunma ve füze sistemleri de ülkenin uzay ve havacılıktaki başarısında önemli rol oynuyor.
Bu kapsamda, 2011'den bu yana sırasıyla SOM, CİRİT, SOM-A, BORA, HGK-1, MAM-L, L-UMTAS, HGK-84 , LHGK-84, KGK-82, UMTAS , MAM-C, TEBER, KGK-83 , HGK-82, OMTAS, SORS, HİSAR-O, ATMACA, GÖKDOĞAN, BOZDOĞAN, MAM-T, BOZOK, HGK-83 , TRLG-230, TAYFUN, SUNGUR, MİDLAS, SİPER, AKYA roket ve füzeleri öne çıkan ürünler arasında yer alıyor.
MİLLİ UZAY PROGRAMI
Türkiye'nin Milli Uzay Programı kapsamında Ay'a ilk temasın sağlanması hedefi için de çalışmalar sürüyor.
Ay Projesi için hibrit itki sistemi, uçuş bilgisayarı ve pek çok yerli uydu ekipmanı geliştirilecek. Ayın yörüngeden keşfinde kullanılacak ve ay yüzeyine sert iniş gerçekleştirecek uzay aracı, milli imkanlarla üretilecek.
Ayrıca yeni nesil uydu geliştirme alanında dünyayla rekabet edebilecek ticari bir marka ortaya çıkarılması hedefleniyor.
Ülkeye ait bölgesel konumlama ve zamanlama sistemi geliştirilmesi, uzaya erişim sağlanması ve bir uzay limanı işletmesi kurulması, uzay havası ya da meteorolojisi olarak tabir edilen alana yatırım yapılması ve bu alanda yetkinliğin artırılması ana hedefler arasında yer alıyor.
Türkiye'yi astronomik gözlemler ve uzay nesnelerinin yerden takibi konularında daha ileri seviyeye taşımak, ülkede uzay sanayi ekosistemini daha da geliştirmek ve bir uzay teknolojisi geliştirme bölgesi kurmak da programdaki başlıklar arasında öne çıkıyor.