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Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı ve savunma sanayisinin gücüne güç katacak olan Türkiye'nin ilk bor karbür tesisinde hazırlıklar tamamlandı. Dev tesis, bugün Başkan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan tarafından açılarak faaliyete başlayacak. Peki, Bor Karbür nedir , nerede kullanılır , kaç TL ? Bor Karbür Tesisi nerede , hangi ilimizde? Bor fiyatı ne kadar 2023? İşte detaylar...
NEREDE, NE ZAMAN AÇILACAK?
Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı öncülüğünde, Eti Maden tarafından yapılan çalışmalarla bor madeninin katma değerli yolculuğu hız kesmeden sürüyor. Geçen yıl 1 milyar 321 milyon dolarlık satış geliriyle rekor kıran Eti Maden, katma değerli borlu ürün dönüşümüyle yeni rekorlar yolunda hız kesmeden ilerliyor. Bu kapsamda cevherin, borik asite dönüşümüyle başlayan süreç, borik asitten bor karbür üretimi ile devam ediyor.
YILLIK KAÇ TON ÜRETİLECEK?
Milli enerji ve maden politika kapsamında 2019'da temeli atılan Türkiye'nin ilk bor karbür tesisinde hazırlıklar tamamlandı.
Tam kapasite çalıştığında 279 kişiye istihdam sağlayacak dev tesiste yılda bin ton bor karbür üretilecek.
Elmas ve kübik bordan sonra en sert üçüncü madde olan bor karbür başta savunma sanayi olmak üzere birçok alanda kullanılıyor.
TÜRKİYE ATTIĞI ADIMLARIN MEYVELERİNİ TOPLUYOR
Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanı Fatih Dönmez de son yıllarda Türkiye'nin borda attığı adımların meyvelerini toplamaya başladığını söyledi.
Önceden borun çıkarıldığı gibi cevher olarak çok düşük fiyata ihraç edildiğini anımsatan Dönmez, "Şimdi bor cevherini borik asite ve atıklarını da lityuma dönüştürüp satıyoruz. Bunun dışında kullanım alanlarını da artırıyoruz. Nitekim bu attığımız adımlar bize rekorlar getiriyor. 2 yıl üste üste bor ihracatında rekor kırdık. Yeni rekorlar için yeni tesisler ve katma değerli ürün portföyünü artması gerekiyordu. Bu tesisle bunu da yapmış olacağız." dedi.
Tesisin yapım aşamasında pandemide oluşan tedarik sıkıntısına rağmen hız kesmediklerini vurgulayan Dönmez, böylesine stratejik bir tesisin Türkiye'ye katkısının maddiyatın ötesinde olduğunu vurguladı.
Bor cevherine göre bor karbürün kıyaslamasını yapan Dönmez, "Bor cevherindeki katma değer, borik asit gibi rafine ürünlerde 7 katına, bor karbür gibi ürünlerde 300 katına, bor karbürün kullanıldığı zırh sektöründe 2 bin katına, hatta roket nozul yapımı sektöründe 35 bin katına çıkmış oluyor." diye konuştu.
Dünya genelinde Rusya, Çin, ABD ve Almanya'dan sonra Türkiye'nin de bor karbür üreten ülkeler arasına girdiğini belirten Bakan Dönmez, bu ürünle Türkiye'nin madencilikte bir üst lige çıktığını aktardı.
Dönmez, Kütahya Emet'te de yıllık 5 bin ton kapasiteli yeni bir bor karbür tesisiyle ilgili çalışmalara başladıklarını sözlerine ekledi.
BOR NEDİR?
Bor, periyodik tabloda B simgesi ile gösterilen, atom numarası 5, atom ağırlığı 10,81 olan metalle ametal arası yarı iletken özelliğe sahip bir elementtir. Periyodik cetvelin 3A grubunun ilk ve en hafif üyesidir. Temel hal elektron konfigürasyonu 1s2 2s2 2p1,dir.
Bor elementi 8B, 10B, 11B , 12B, 13B izotoplarından oluşmaktadır. En kararlı izotopları 10B ve 11B ,dir. Bu izotopların tabiatta bulunma oranları sırasıyla % 19.1-20.3 ve % 79.7-80.9'dir. 10B izotopu, çok yüksek termal nötron tutma özelliği gösterir. Böylelikle nükleer malzemeler ve nükleer enerji santrallerinde kullanılabilmektedir. Türkiye'de 10B izotop oranı yüksek bor cevher yatakları bulunmaktadır. Çeşitli metal veya ametal elementlerle yaptığı bileşiklerin gösterdiği farklı özellikler, bor bileşiklerinin birçok endüstride kullanılmasına olanak sağlamaktadır. Bor, bileşiklerinde metal dışı bileşikler gibi davranır, ancak, farklı olarak saf bor, karbon gibi elektrik iletkenidir. Kristalize bor, görünüm ve optik özellikleri açısından elmasa benzer ve neredeyse elmas kadar serttir.
Borun saf elementi ilk kez, 1808 yılında Fransız kimyager J.L. Gay-Lussac ve Baron L.J. Thenard ile İngiliz kimyager H. Davy tarafından elde edilmiştir.
Bor, biri amorf ve altısı kristalin polimorf olmak üzere, çeşitli allotropik formlarda bulunur. Alfa ve beta rombohedral formlar en çok çalışılmış olan kristalin polimorflarıdır. Alfa rombohedral strüktür 1200 0C'nin üzerinde bozulur ve 1500 0C'de beta rombohedral form oluşur. Amorf form yaklaşık 1000 0C'nin üzerinde beta rombohedrale dönüşür ve her türlü saf bor ergime noktasının üzerinde ısıtılıp tekrar kristalleştirildiğinde beta rombohedral forma dönüşür.
Bor, yerkabuğunda yaygın olarak bulunan 51. elementtir. Bor tabiatta hiçbir zaman serbest halde bulunmaz. Doğada yaklaşık 230 çeşit bor minerali olduğu bilinmektedir. Yaygın olarak bulunan bor minerallerinden bir tanesi bir tür aluminoborosilikat minerali olan ve yapısında %10'a kadar bor içerebilen Turmalin'dir. Ancak, sanayide alkali ve toprak alkali bor mineralleri olan tinkal (Na4B4O2. 10H2O), kernit (Na2B4O7. 4H2O), kolemanit (Ca2B6O11. 5H2O) ve üleksit (NaCaB5O9. 8H2O) kullanılmaktadır. Ticari maden yatakları sınırlı olup en çok Türkiye ve ABD'de bulunmaktadır. Bor elementinin kimyasal özellikleri morfolojisine ve tane büyüklüğüne bağlıdır. Mikron ebadındaki amorf bor kolaylıkla ve bazen şiddetli olarak reaksiyona girerken kristalin bor kolay reaksiyon vermez. Bor yüksek sıcaklıkta su ile reaksiyona girerek borik asit ve bazı diğer ürünleri oluşturur. Mineral asitleri ile reaksiyonu, konsantrasyona ve sıcaklığa bağlı olarak yavaş veya patlayıcı olabilir ve ana ürün olarak borik asit oluşur.
NE İŞE YARAR?
Bor Karbür, pek çok alanda kullanılan önemli bir madendir.
Bor Karbür, madenden çıkan borun katma değerini işleme yoluyla oluşturulan, yaklaşık 2 bin kata kadar artıran bir teknolojiye verilen addır. Bor Karbür, endüstriyel, savunma sanayi ve nükleer enerji santrallerinde kullanılabilmektedir.
Bor karbürden sertlik değeri yüksek, korozyon çeşitlerine karşı direnci olan, yüksek ısıya dayanıklı, hafif ve sağlam zırhlar üretilmektedir. Bor karbür ileri teknolojik seramik ham maddesidir ve diğer geleneksel zırh malzemeleri ile karşılaştırıldığında %70 civarında hafiflik gösterir. Savunma sanayisinde hafifliğin ön planda olduğu yelek ve helikopter zırhlarında da kullanımı görülmektedir.
Endüstriyel olarak çeliklere sertlik ve aşınmaya karşı direncini arttırması amacıyla, kaynak elektrotlarında aşınmaya karşı direnci arttırması amacıyla, aşındırıcılar ve zımparalarda katkı maddesi olarak kullanılırlar. Bor karbür, demir ve alaşımlı metallerin yüzeylerine difüzyon yardımı ile koruma amaçlı kaplanır. Ayrıca ağır işlerde kullanılmak için çok daha avantajlıdır ve diğer malzemelere göre çok sert yapıdadır.
Nükleer enerji santrallerinde Bor Karbür, yakıt yükleme çubuğu ve radyasyondan korunmak için kullanılırlar. Nükleer enerjinin önemi ile bor karbürün bu alanda kullanımı da artmaktadır.Nükleer santrallerin boru hatlarında bor alaşımları kullanılır.