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2019 yılı memurluk yeni sistem i nasıl olacak? Memur nasıl kariyer yapacak ? Naklen atanma nedir ? AK Parti 'nin verdiği teklifle memurlar kariyer yapabilecek. Binlerce memuru ilgilendiren teklifle, kariyer uzmanı, denetmen, müfettişler kurumlar arası naklen atanacak. Teklifle AB İşleri uzmanlarına Dışişleri Bakanlığı için geçiş hakkı veriliyor. Avrupa Birliği İşleri uzman ve uzman yardımcısı olarak görev yapan nitelikli ve yetişmiş personele bir kereye mahsus olmak üzere sınavla Dışişleri Bakanlığı meslek memurluğu veya konsolosluk ve ihtisas memurluğuna geçiş hakkı tanınıyor. Geçiş yapmak isteyenler tek bir sınav için yazılı olarak talepte bulunabilecek. 9 yıl ve daha fazla kıdemi bulunanlar meslek memurları ya da konsolosluk ve ihtisas memurları için düzenlenecek ilk başkatiplik sınavına girecek.
KARARNAME ÇIKACAK
Türkiye'nin inşasını yetenekli, donanımlı kadroların omuzlaması için Cumhurbaşkanlığı çatısı altındaki başkanlıklarda da uzman yardımcıları, denetçi, kontrolörler görev alabiliyor. Atanacak personelin seçileceği kadro ve pozisyonlar hizmet süresi, sınav, yabancı dil gibi ilave şartlar da Cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnamesi ile belirlenecek. Kariyer personelinin naklen atanması bir yıl içinde sonuçlandırılacak.
YENİ SİSTEME GÜÇLÜ KADRO
Yeni personel sistemiyle ekonomiden savunmaya, eğitimden diplomasiye kadar birçok alanda hem yeni iş hem de yükselme imkânı getirildi. Cumhurbaşkanlığı'na bağlı 8 başkanlıkta uzman kadrolara atanma hakkı verilen kariyer meslek mensupları atanabiliyor. Sosyoloji, psikoloji, mühendislikte lisansüstü eğitim yapanlar kaymakam olabiliyor.
1-Naklen Atama Nedir?
1.1.Tanım
En geniş anlamıyla naklen atama; bir kamu kurumundan çalışan personelin farklı bir kamu kurumuna atanması işlemidir. Bu tanım fiili durumu özetlemekle birlikte, hukuk en konuyu tüm yanlarıyla yansıtmamaktadır. Daha dar ve teknik bir tanıma göre naklen atama;hâlihazırda bir kamu kurumunda görev yapan devlet memurunun diğer bir kamu kurumunayine devlet memuru olarak atanması işlemidir.
Bu tanıma göre; yapılan atama işlemi kişinin tabi olduğu personel rejiminin değişmesineneden oluyorsa bu atama işlemi naklen atama değildir. Diğer bir ifadeyle, 2802 sayılı Kanuna tabi çalışan hakimlerin ve savcıların, 2547 sayılı Kanuna tabi çalışan akademik personelin,926 sayılı Kanuna tabi çalışan askeri personelin ve sözleşmeli personelin ve kamu işçilerinin, "devlet memuru" kadrolarına atanmaları -dar anlamda- naklen atama işlemi değildir. Özetle bir devlet memurunun başka bir kurumdaki münhal devlet memuru kadrosuna atanmasıhalinde naklen atama işleminden söz etmek mümkündür
1.2.Naklen Atama Prosedürü
Naklen atama işleminin çerçevesi 657 sayılı Kanunun 74. maddesinde düzenlenmiştir:"Memurların bu Kanuna tabi kurumlar arasında, kurumların muvafakati ile kazanılmış hak dereceleri üzerinden veya 68 inci maddedeki esaslar çerçevesinde derece yükselmesisuretiyle, bulundukları sınıftan veya öğrenim durumları itibariyle girebilecekleri sınıftan, bir kadroya nakilleri mümkündür. Kazanılmış hak derecelerinin altındaki derecelereatanabilmeleri için ise atanacakları kadro derecesi ile kazanılmış hak dereceleri arasındakifarkın 3 dereceden çok olmaması ve memurların isteği de şarttır."
Kurumların doğrudan memurun görev yaptığı kuruma başvurarak süreci başlatmasımümkün olmakla birlikte, uygulamada nakil süreci genel olarak; memurun çalışmayı arzuettiği kuruma yazılı başvuru yapmak veya kurumun açtığı sınava katılmak suretiyle iradesini ortaya koymasıyla başlar. Bünyesinde görev alınma talebiyle başvurulan kurumun, bu başvuruyu olumlu değerlendirmesi halinde, memurun hâlihazırda görev yaptığı kuruma başvurarak memurun naklen atanmasına muvafakat verilmesini talep eder. Memurun çalıştığıkurumun muvafakati alındıktan sonra naklen atanma işlemi gerçekleştirilir. Diğer bir ifadeyle üç tarafın müşterek rızası olmadan naklen atama işlemi gerçekleştirilemez.
1.3. Aday Memurların Durumu
657 sayılı Kanunun 54. maddesine göre devlet memurluğuna ilk kez atanlar bir yıldan az iki yıldan çok olmamak üzere "adaylık" hükümlerine tabi olurlar ve aday memur olarak adlandırılırlar. Yine aynı maddeye göre aday memurlar asaletleri tasdik olmadıkça naklen atanamazlar.
Hüküm, aday memurların özellikle 36. Madde' de sayılı kariyer mesleklere geçişini engellediği ve nitelikli personelin kariyer gelişimini kısıtladığı yönünde eleştirilmiş ve birçok davaya konu olmuştur. Süreç içerisinde Devlet Personel Başkanlığı (DPB) istikrar kazanan bir mütalaasıyla hükmün uygulaması daraltılmıştır. Buna göre; 657 sayılı Kanunun 54.maddesinde geçen "nakil" ibaresinden memurun başka kurumlarda durumuna uygun bir kadroya sınava tabi tutulmaksızın naklen atanmasının anlaşılması gerekmektedir, sınav sonucuna göre yapılan atamalar sonucu yapılan nakiller 74. maddede geçen "nakil" anlamında değerlendirilmemektedir.
Aday memurların nakil işlemleri ancak sınav neticesinde gerçekleştirilebilir, bunun dışında aday memurların nakli mümkün değildir. Ancak sınav kazanmak suretiyle farklı bir kuruma atanmaya hak kazanan aday memurun nakli için çalıştığı kurumun muvafakatine yinede ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Özet olarak farklı bir kuruma sınav sonucunda atanmaya hak kazanan aday memur 54. madde hükmünden muafken 74. madde hükmüne tabidir.
2- Muvafakat Vermeme İşleminin İptali
Kamu kurumlarının memurlarının diğer bir kuruma – yine memur olarak- nakline muvafakat vermemesi halinde nakil işleminin gerçekleşemeyeceğinden bahsetmiştik. Bunagöre muvafakat vermek ya da vermemek kurumun takdirindedir ve muvafakat vermeme işleminin iptali istemi esas itibariyle idarenin takdir yetkisinin yargısal denetimi çerçevesinde incelenmelidir. Anayasanın 125. maddesinde "İdarenin her türlü eylem ve işlemlerine karşı yargı yolu açıktır" hükmü gereğince mutlak ve sınırsız olmayan takdir yetkisinin kullanılmasıkapsamında gerçekleştirilen işlemler de yargı denetimine tabidir. Takdir yetkisinin yargısal denetimi konusunda, zaman içerisinde idare hukuku ilkeleri çerçevesinde bir takım ölçütler gelişmiştir.
Şimdi genel olarak takdir yetkisi için uygulanan bu ölçütleri muvafakat vermeme işleminin iptali özelinde ele alalım:
2.1. "Muvafakat vermeme"
işleminin geçerli bir sebebe dayanmaması: İdari işlemlerin kendilerinden önce gelen nesnel sebeplere dayanması gerekir. Muvafakatvermeme işleminin temel gerekçesi nakli düşünülen memurun hizmetine ihtiyaç duyulmasıdır. Diğer bir ifadeyle idare nakline muvafakat vermediği personelin eksikliğinin hizmetlerde aksamaya neden olacağını ileri sürmektedir. Ayrıca aynı konumda olan diğer personele olumsuz yönde örnek oluşturacağı düşüncesi de muvafakat vermeme işleminegerekçe oluşturabilmektedir.
Bu noktada idarenin söz konusu personelin hizmetine ihtiyaçduyduğunu, nesnel göstergelerle ortaya koyması gerekmektedir. Örneğin, personelin üstlendiği görevin asgari kaç personel tarafından yürütülebileceği,aynı görevi üstlenen kaç personelin bulunduğu ve muvafakati istenen personelin eksikliğinin hizmet kusuruna yol açacağı, nesnel verilerle ortaya konulmalıdır. Ayrıca yokluğu hizmetinaksamasına yol açacak personelin yerine aynı görevi üstlenecek yeni bir personelin kısavadede temininin mümkün bulunmaması da önemli bir gerekçedir.
2.1. Anayasal ilkelere aykırılık:
Anayasada yer alan ilkeler, muvafakat vermeme işlemin iptaline yönelik yargı kararlarınıngerekçelerinde sıkça karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu ilkelerden bazıları şu şekilde sıralanabilir:
Eşitlik:
Anayasamıza göre, "Devlet organları ve idare makamları bütün işlemlerindekanun önünde eşitlik ilkesine uygun olarak hareket etmek zorundadırlar." Bu ilkenin memurlar açısından daha somut görünümü ise amirlerin, maiyetlerindeki memurlarahakkani yet ve eşitlik içinde davranması gereğidir.
Eşitlik ilkesine, muvafakat vermemeişlemi özelinde baktığımızda yargı kararlarına iki boyutuyla etki ettiği gözlemlenmektedir:
i. Aynı statüdeki personele önceden muvafakat verilmiş olması, ii. Aynı gerekçe ile muvafakat talebinde bulunan personele benzer konumda bulunan personele önceden muvafakat verilmiş olması.
Buna göre idare aynı statüde ve aynı gerekçeyle muvafakat vermiş ise aynı durumdaolan personele muvafakat vermemesi kural olarak eşitlik ilkesine aykırılık teşkil eder.
Ancak bu iki işlem arasında süre bakımından makul bir yakınlık bulunması gerektiği düşünülebilir. Eşitlik ilkesinin çoğunlukla iptal isteminde diğer gerekçeleri destekleyici bir ilke olarak işlevgördüğü gözlemlenmektedir.
Aile Birliği:
Anayasanın 41. maddesine göre Devlet aile birliğini korumakla yükümlüdür. Bu hüküm, memurların eşlerinin veya ana - babalarının ikamet ettiği yerde görev yapmalarınaolanak sağlayacak bir nâkile muvafakat verilmemesi işleminin iptalinde önemli bir dayanak oluşturmaktadır.
Eğitim:
Anayasanın 42. maddesinde, kimsenin eğitim ve öğretim haklarından yoksun bırakılamayacağı kurala bağlanmıştır. Farklı yönde kararlara rastlanmakla birlikte, memuruneğitim gördüğü yerde bulunan bir kadroya geçmelerine muvafakat verilmemesi işlemininiptalinde anılan madde önemli bir gerekçe oluşturmaktadır.
2.3 Kamu yararı ve hizmetin gereklerine aykırılık:
Her idari işlemin amacı kamu yararının teminidir, ancak bu yararın ne olduğu her hizmetözelinde tek tek incelenmelidir. Muvafakat vermeme işleminin, amacının hizmetin aksamasınıengellemek olduğundan yukarıda bahsetmiştik.Ancak Danıştay kararlarına göre memurun,
i. Daha üst bir göreve geçmesine, ii. Öğrenimini gördüğü veya daha iyi kariyer olanaklarına sahip bir görevegeçmesine, muvafakat verilmemesi işlemleri kamu yararına ve hizmet gereklerine uygun değildir.
Buna göre kamu hizmetleri bir bütün oluşturduğundan memurun en verimli şekilde hizmet edeceğigörevde çalıştırılması kamu yararınadır.
SONUÇ:
Naklen atanma işlemine muvafakat vermeyen idarenin, nakli istenilen memurun hizmetine ihtiyaç duyduğunu nesnel verilerle ortaya koyması ve eşitlik ilkesi çerçevesindehareket etmesi gerekir. Bunların noksanlığı muvafakat işleminin iptaline gerekçe teşkil eder.Diğer taraftan muvafakat verilmemesi işlemini dava konusu yapan memur, bu işlemin ihlalettiği Anayasal ilkeyi ve/veya bu işlemin iptali –nakil işleminin gerçekleşmesi - ile daha verimli şekilde hizmet edeceğini ve dolayısıyla işlemin iptalinin kamu yararına olduğuiddiasını somut verilere dayandırmalıdır.