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Akdeniz ülkelerinde yetişen defne yaprağı "Laurus Nobilis " adıyla anılan defnegiller familyasından bir bitkidir. Akdeniz ülkeleri için de en fazla defne üretimi ülkemizde yapılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda gelir kapısı olmuş durumda. Kokusu, yaprağının zengin besin değeri ve buna bağlı olarak insan vücuduna karşı çeşitli faydaları defne yaprağını alternatif tıpta kullanılmadığı alan hemen hemen yok gibidir.
'EKONOMİYE KAZANDIRILMAMIŞ BİR ÜRÜNDÜ'
İş insanı Zekai Kamitoğlu , defne ağacının en çok Batı Karadeniz bölgesinde bulunduğunu, orman köylüsünün önemli gelir kaynağı haline geldiğini belirterek, "Zonguldak 'ta da bu konuda profesyonel anlamda bir işletme yoktu. Batı Karadeniz Kalkınma Ajansı ve Ticaret ve Sanayi Odası olarak yoğun bir çalışma yapıldı. Bizim bölgemizde defne rekoltesinin çok yüksek olduğunu gördük.
Bunun için bir tesis kurduk. Teknolojik olarak Türkiye 'de veya dünyada çok fazla örneği olmadığı için makineleşme konusunda bir gelişim yok. Daha çok ilkel şartlarda işlenen bir ürün. Defne bitkisi yıllardır bizim Batı Karadeniz ormanlarında kendi döngüsünü sağlayan, ama hiçbir şekilde ekonomiye kazandırılmayan bir üründü. Bizim çalışmalarımızla birlikte bu konuda hem istihdama hem de Türkiye ekonomisine katkı için yoğun bir çalışma içindeyiz" dedi.
YILLIK 30 MİLYON DOLARLIK İHRACAT
Kamitoğlu, kooperatifle yaptıkları anlaşma kapsamında kırsal kesimde yaşayan birçok ailenin defne yaprağıyla yeni gelir kapısı elde ettiğini ifade ederek, şöyle konuştu:
"Orman köylüsü günlük 30-40 kilo defne yaprağı toplayabiliyor. Rekabet ortamı oluşunca kilosu 3,5 lira civarına çıktı. Gelir güzel olunca birçok orman köylüsü bu işi yapmaya başladı. Bir aile yoğun olarak çalıştığında bir ayda 5-6 bin lira kazanması mümkün. Biz sektöre girince yörede rekabet arttı ve köylüden alınan ürünün fiyatı arttı. Biz bundan memnunuz. Sonuçta bölgemize ekonomik anlamda böyle bir katkıda bulunabiliyorsak ne mutlu bize. Bu ürünün farklı alanlarda kullanılma şekli var. Gıda, ilaç sanayi, kozmetik sanayinde ve baharat olarak kullanılıyor. Özellikle düşük kalitedeki balyalık ürünler Çin 'e gidiyor. Orada baharat olarak kullanıyorlar bu ürünü. Avrupa ülkelerine de ihracat yapılıyor."
Defne Yaprağı (Laurus nobilis) Nedir?
Gerek alternatif tıptı gerekse türk mutfağında çok sık kullanılan defne yaprağında; çin ko, potasyum, kalsiyum, magnezyum, selenyum, manganez, bakır gibi çok önemli mineraller bulunur.
Yapraklarındaki doğal kendine has kokusu, ağaç gövdesinin alt kısmının gri renk, üst kısmının ise yeşil renkte olması farklı bir ağaç olduğunu göstermektedir. Defne yapraklarının maalesef en büyük düşmanı ise bir böcek türü olan bitlerdir.
Günümüzde defne yaprağını yemeklerde çok sık kullanılmaktadır. Defne yaprağı şerbet yapımında, salçaya aroma katması için de kullanılmaktadır. Diğer taraftan temizlik ürünlerinin ham maddesi konumunda olan defne yaprağından kozmetik alanında da özellikle parfüm yapımında kullanıldığını kullanılmaktadır.
Dört mevsim yeşil kalabilen ender ağaçlardan biri olan defneyi evlerde süs bitkisi olarak, yaprağının antioksidan, antikonvulsant, antienflamatuar, analjezik özelliklere sahip olması ile daha bir çok alanda kullanılmaya devam edecektir. Defne yaprağı sabun, el kremi ve şampuan gibi kişisel bakım ürünlerinin artık ham maddesi durumundadır. Çok eski çağlarda defne yaprağı ölümsüzlük iksiri olarak görülürmüş. Kim bilir belki de bu sebeple defne yaprağını herşeye gönül rahatlığıyla kullanabiliyoruz..