II. Katerina 30 yılı aşkın bir süre Rusya'nın İmparatoriçesi ve ülkenin en etkili yöneticilerinden biriydi. Sophie Friederike Auguste von Anhalt- Zerbst, 2 Mayıs 1729'da küçük bir Alman prensinin kızı olarak Prusya'da dünyaya geldi.
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II. Katerina 30 yılı aşkın bir süre Rusya'nın İmparatoriçesi ve ülkenin en etkili yöneticilerinden biriydi. Sophie Friederike Auguste von Anhalt- Zerbst, 2 Mayıs 1729'da küçük bir Alman prensinin kızı olarak Prusya'da dünyaya geldi.
Burası şu anda Polonya'nın Szczecin kentiydi. 1745'te Rus Ortodoks Kilisesi'ne kabul edildi. Adını Catherine olarak değiştirdi. Rus Çariçesi Elizabeth, yeğeni Grand Dük Petro için uygun bir eş olduğunu düşünerek Sophie ve annesini Moskova'ya davet etti.
On dört yaşındaki küçük prenses, Büyük Petro'nun torunu 3. Petro ile evlendirildi.
Bu sırada Petro, hizmetçisi olan bir kadınla beraberdi. 2. Katerina'nın hayatı çok kötü geçmekteydi. Çünkü kocası onu sevmiyor ve hatta yanında bile uyumak istemedi. Katerina, evliliğinin altıncı yılında saray teşrifatçısı Sergey Satıyov ile birlikte olup eşine ihanet etti.
Hatta Satıyov'un, kendisinden sonra tahta çıkacak olan Pavel Petroviç'in babası olduğu iddia edildi. Çariçe'nin yasak aşklarından biri de Polonya asıllı Sranilaw Poniatowski'ydi. Poniatowski, Çariçe'nin desteğiyle bir süre sonra Polonya Kralı ilan edilecekti.
3. Petro, eşi Katerina'nın aşklarından haberdardı ama hiç önemsemedi. Tüm bunlar olurken 3. Petro'nun annesi Çariçe 1. Elizaveta, hayatını kaybetti. Veliaht Peter, 3. Petro Unvanıyla tahta geçti. Ancak Petro'nun Almanlaşmaya başlaması, milliyetçileri öfkelendirdi. Alman asıllı Katerina ise tam bir Rus vatandaşıydı.
Böylece Rusya'daki Vatanseverler Partisi, Katerina'nın çevresinde gittikçe güçlendi. Ama ortada garip bir paradoks vardı: Ruslar, Alman hayranı Çarlarına karşı bir Alman kadını tutuyorlardı.
Petro'nun da Katerina'ya onu boşayıp ülkeden süreceğine dair tehtitleri artıyordu. Sonunda yanına metresini de alan Petro, Oranienbaum'daki villasına çekildi. Katerina ise orduyu örgütleyip yönetimi devralacağını ilan etti.
Ordunun gücünü de arkasına alan Çariçe, ihtilalin liderlerinden olan Grigori Orlov ile hareket etti. Katerina, aynı zamanda sevgilisi olan Orlov'a kocası Petro'yu öldürttü. Artık Rusya'nın tek egemeniydi.
Bu Alman asıllı kadın, görevini öylesine iyi yerine getirdi ki adının başına 'büyük' ünvanı takıldı. Bu arada sık sık değiştirdiği aşıklarıyla ilişkisine devam ediyordu.
Sevgililerini bakan yapıyor ya da önemli görevlere atayarak onları Rusya'ya yararlı olmaya teşvik ediyordu. Katerina'nın yönetimi altındaki Rusya, gün geçtikçe büyüyüp zenginleşti.
SANAT TUTKUNUYDU
II. Katerina, zamanın Fransız filozofları Voltaire, Diderot ve D'Alembert ile yazıştı. Avrupa'dan satın aldığı 250 tabloyu sergilemek üzere 1764'te St. Petersburg'da Hermitage Müzesi'ni inşa ettirdi.
SEVGİLİSİNİ VALİ YAPTI
Katerina'nın resmi biyografisine göre hayata giren sevgililerin sayısı 12 idi. Son aşıklarından Prens Platon Zubov'a "Yavrum" derdi. Henüz 22 yaşında olan Zubov, Katerina'ya hizmeti sayesinde büyük servet edindi. Katerina genç sevgilisini Ukrayna'nın güneyinde yeni fethediler topraklara vali olarak gönderdi.
PAVEL'İN İNTİKAMI
Çariçe'nin 1 oğlu ve 2 kızı dünyaya geldi. Kendisinden sonra tahta çıkacak olan oğlu Pavel'in sevgilisi Satıyov'un oğlu olduğu iddia edildi. Ancak Katerina oğlu Pavel'i hiç sevmedi. Hayatını zehir etti. Pavel tahta çıkınca annesinden intikam aldı. Babası için muhteşem bir cenaze töreni yaptı.
YARIN: HEDEFİ İSTANBUL'DU