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İslam dini ve musiki İnsanların ilgi alanlarından biri olan 'musiki' ile İslam dini arasında mükemmel bir ahenk vardır. Dinimiz gibi musikinin de kuralları vardır. Ancak kötü duygular aşılayan bazı eserler, ahlaki zaaflar doğurmaktadır... Giriş Tarihi : 26 Ekim 2012
İnsanı yaratan Allah'tır. Bütün Peygamberlerin veya Hz. Muhammed'in tebliğ ettiği din anlamına İslâm Dini'ni insanlar için iman ve hayat düzeni kılan da Allah'tır. Bu sebeple insanlığın genel eğilimleriyle İslâm'ın evrensel prensipleri arasında tam bir örtüşme vardır. Örneğin ilim, sanat, ekonomi, cinsellik ve mûsikî gibi insanlığın ilgi alanlarıyla İslâm arasında mükemmel bir ahenk mevcuttur. İslâm, insanlığın yaşam alanlarını kuşatır. Yaratılış çizgisinden sapmaları önler ve gelişimi engelleyici yasaklar koyar. İnsan ve enstrüman sesine dayalı musikî de böyledir. O da kurallarla çevrilerek özgürlükler alanı içine alınmıştır. a- İnsana ve ırzına yönelik atılımlar bir tarafa bütün varlıklarda asıl olan yapabilirlik ve kullanılabilirliktir. Bu sebeple Kurân-ı Kerim 'de musikî ile irtibatlandırılabilir onaylayıcı âyetler bulabiliyorsak da doğrudan yasaklayıcı hiç bir âyet göremiyoruz. Yasaklayıcı ilgi kurulmaya çalışılan Mekkî Lukman Sûresi' nin 6. âyeti ve içerdiği "Lehv" sözcüğü mûsikiyi değil, İslâm Dini'nden saptırmayı ve onun çağlar üstü düstûrlarını basite indirgeyip alaya almayı amaçlayan söz, felsefî görüş, varsayım ve fikrî akımları içine alır. Âyet'in değil orijinali, sunulacak tercümesi bile bu gerçeği kanıtlayıcıdır: "İnsanlardan öyleleri vardır ki, hiçbir ilmî bilgiye dayanmaksızın insanları Allah'ın yolundan saptırmak ve bu yolu belirleyen ilâhi buyrukları alaya almak için Lehvül-hadîsi: (boş sözlerfelsefî cambazlıklar-teoriler...) benimserler. Böylelerini alçaltıcı bir azab beklemektedir." (Lukman 6) Alaka kurulmaya çalışılan Kasas sûresinin 55. âytinde geçen "Leğiv" kelimesi ise mûsikiyi değil, mûsikinin bazı türleri de dahil faydasız her türlü söz, davranış, iş, yasa, kurum ve benzeri olguları kapsar. Kaldı ki mânevi gelişimi yavaşlatıcı olmakla beraber Leğiv haram değildir. Çünkü Allah, yeminlerimizdeki Leğivleri bile sorgulamayacağını bildirmektedir. (Mâide 5/89) b- Mûsikiyi, mûsikî olduğu için yasaklayan bir âyet belirleyemediğimiz gibi Hz. Peygambere âidiyeti Usûl-ü Hadis ilminin kurallarına göre kanıtlanmış Peygamberimize ait bir Sünnet de tespit edemiyoruz. Bu sebeple bazı İslâm bilginleri tarafından ileri sürülen fakat delil niteliği taşımayan temelsiz rivayetlere dayanılarak verilmiş bulunan genel vasıflı yasaklayıcı hükümlerin evrensel dinimizle bağlantısı ve de müminleri bağlayıcılığı yoktur. Soyut mûsikî ile ilgili doğrudan bir Kur'ân ve Sünnet buyruğu olmamakla birlikte hiç şüphesiz kendisine katılan ârizî unsurlar sebebiyle mûsikinin bazı türlerinin haram olarak nitelenmesini gerektirecek Kur'ân ve Sünnet kaynaklı İslâmî ölçüler vardır. Gerçeği ifade etmek gerekirse mûsikinin bu ârizi unsurlardan bağımsız olarak değerlendirilemeyeceği de bir hakikattir. Değinilen ölçüler ışığında mûsikinin haram olarak vasfedilebilecek nevilerini şöylece özetleyebiliriz. Haram Mûsikî Türleri 1- Güftesinde İslâm ilâhiyatına aykırılık bulunan mûsiki eserlerinin icrası ve onaylanarak dinlenilmesi haramdır/yasaktır. Aslında bu tür nesir ve manzum eserlerin tasvip edilerek okunması ve dinlenilmesi de haramdır. Kur'ân-ı Kerîm'in, İslâmın iman sistemini örgüleyen ilgili âyetleri bu yasağın delilleri olarak görülebilirse de, Peygamberimiz yasaklığa tam bir açıklık getirmektedir. * Kadın sahâbi Rubeyyi' bint-i Muavviz anlatıyor: Kendisinin düğününün yapıldığı gün Sevgili Peygamberimiz, yanına gelerek oturur. Bu sırada genç kızlar def çalmakta ve şarkılar söylemektedirler. Kızlardan biri şarkının güftesine, "Aramızda yarınları bilen Peygamber vardır " sözlerini katınca Hz. Peygamber müdahale eder ve şöyle buyurur: - Bu gibi sözleri söyleme. Önceki sözlerinin benzerlerini söyle. Yarın ne olacağını yalnızca Allah bilir. (et-Tac 2/301) Bilindiği gibi Kur'ânımızın açıklamalarına göre geleceğin bilgisi anlamına Ğayb'ı da yalnızca Allah bilir. Mûsikinin bu haram türünü, "Kendisi sorgulayacak fakat sorgulanamayacak olan " Rabbimizi sorgulamaya ve yönlendirmeye kalkışan şu şarkının sözleriyle örneklendirebiliriz: Gülmeyecek bu yüzü neden verdin bana ya Rab Ya birazcık neşe ver ya beni baştan yarat Yıldıza taparların putlaştırdığı Feleğe yaratıcılık yamayan şu beyitleri de haram kılınan güfteye örnek gösterebiliriz: Ayırdı zalim felek Derde bağladı beni 2- İçki ve zina gibi haram fiillere yönlendiren veya cinsellik öğelerini sağ duyunun çirkinlik olarak niteleyebileceği şekilde kullanan güftelerin omurgasını oluşturduğu mûsiki eserleri de haramdır. Haram fiillere yönlendirmede, dinin ve aklın red ettiği çirkinliklere (Münker-Fehşa) onay verme de haram kılınan işlerdir. Çünkü Kur'ân zinaya yaklaştırıcı işleri ve cinsellik içi ve dışı çirkinlileri Fâhişe/Fehşâ başlığı altında yasaklamaktadır: " (Ey Peygamber!) De ki: Doğrusu, Rabbim yalnızca, Fevahişi; açık veya gizli utanç verici çirkinlikleri ve (bildirilen) her çeşit günah işleri... yasaklamıştır ." (Araf 7/33) Peygamberimizin Sünneti de içki, faiz ve rüşvet fiillerinde örneklendirildiği üzere haramlara aracılık edici eylemleri yasaklamaktadır.( İbn Kesîr Bakara 2/275,Mâide 5/90) Harama yönlendirici güfteleri de şu şarkının sözleriyle misallendirebiliriz: Patlat bir şarkı, koy bir kadeh / İçiyoruz yine bu gece Her şeyi boş ver, çal bu gece / İçiyoruz yine bu gece 3- Beraberinde alköllü içkiler alınan veya kadın erkek karmaşıklığı içinde bedensel temasları içeren oyunlar oynanan mûsiki de dolaylı olarak haramdır. Çünkü burada haramlığı açık olan işlere mûsiki yoluyla onay, katılım ve de yardımlaşma vardır. Günahlarda yardımlaşma ise Kur'ânımızda şöylece yasaklanmaktadır: "Ey İman Edenler! ... Günahlığı ve tecavüz niteliği apaçık olan işlerde yardımlaşmayın. Allah'ın emirleri ve yasaklarına aykırılıktan korunun. Hiç şüphesiz Allah'ın cezası çetindir." (Maide 5/2) Kaldı ki Aziz Peygamberimiz, örnek olarak sunacağımız hadislerinde mûsikiyi içeren içkili eğlencelerin haramlılığını da şöylece açıklamışlardır. "Ümmetimden bir kısım insanların yanı başlarında çalgılar çalınır, (cinselliklerini sergileyen) kadın oyuncular şarkılar-türküler söylerken haramlılığını yansıtan asıl adlarından başka, helâlleştirici isimler vererek alkollü içkileri içecekler. Ne var ki Allah da onları aşağılatacak, iç duygularını hayvanlaştıracaktır." (BuharÎ Eşribe 6) 4- Cinsel duyguları kamçılayan giysili olup rakslar sunan kadın icracılar tarafından sunulan mûsiki de hiç şüphesiz haramdır. Çünkü İslâm, Kurân diliyle kadın sesinin cinsel mesajlar verecek şekilde cezbedici kılınmasını, Peygamber eşlerinin şahsında bütün müslüman kadınlara yasaklamaktadır. Ahzab suresinin 32. âyetinde şöyle buyurulmaktadır: "...Eğer Allah'ın emirleri ve yasaklarına aykırılıktan korunmak istiyorsanız cinsel mesajlar verircesine edalı konuşmayın ki kalbinde cinsel nitelikli hastalıklar bulunan kişi size karşı bir arzuya kapılmasın. (Her zaman ve her yerde) ciddi ve mantıklı konuşun." (Ahzab 32) Erotik giysilerin haramlığı bir tarafa, cinsellik öğeleri ağır basan mûsikinin, "Dilin zinasının söz, kulakların zinasının dinlemek" olduğunu açıklayan Peygamberî hadisin yasak kapsamına gireceği de şüphesizdir. (Ebu Davud Nikâh 44; Buharî İstizan12) - En doğrusunu Allah bilir.- Yukarıda dört madde halinde sunulan çerçevede icra olunan ve dinlenen mûsikinin yasaklığı, beyan edilmeye çalışıldığı üzere Kur'ân ve Sünnet'le delillendirilebilir mûsiki türleridir. Peygamberimizin "Mûsikî kalpte nifak doğurur." şeklindeki hadîsleriyle işaret buyurdukları üzere bu tür haram mûsikilerin kalblerde imanî ve ahlâkî zaaflar doğuracağı da şüphesizdir. (Ebu Davûd Edeb 60) Yasaklı türlere ilaveler yapılabilirse de bu İslâm'ı değil bu ilaveleri yapanları ve onları izleyenleri bağlar. Biz helâlleri haramlaştırmaktan Allah'a sığınırız. Gelecek haftaki yazımızda -inşaallah- helâl musiki türlerine değineceğiz. * * * SORU-CEVAP Cennet'te Mûsikı Var mıdır? Cennet, hiçbir gözün görmediği, hiçbir kulağın işitmediği ve hiçbir kalbin tasavvur edemeyeceği sonsuz nimetler ve sınırsız güzelliklerle dolu mutluluk yurdudur. Kur'ân'ın ifadesiyle orada arzu edilen ve istenilen her nimete erişilecektir. (Zühruf 70) Mûsikı de olacaktır. Mûsiki sunumlarına ilişkin işaretler içeren Kur'ân âyetlerine (Rûm 15) açıklık getirici hadîslerinde Sevgili Peygamberimiz, mutluluğu yüzlere yansıyacak Cennet nimetlerinden birinin Mûsiki olacağını açıklamıştır. - Allah şanını ve bağlılarını artırsın -Olsun- O, Cennet'e girecek her bir erkek ve kadına verilecek özel hizmetçiler/ yardımcılar olacak olan Hûrilerin bir hizmet türlerinin de mûsikı icraları olacağını açıklamış ve şöyle buyurmuştur: "Cennet Hûrilerinin mûsiki oturumları/ ziyafetleri vardır. Hiç bir yaratılmış varlığın duymadığı güzellikteki sesleriyle sık sık şu anlamdaki şarkıları seslendireceklerdir: Biz ebediyiz, ölmeyiz. (Sedeflerindeki inciler gibi) Güzeliz, câzibemizi yitirmeyiz. Sevgi ile doluyuz, hiç mi hiç öfkelenmeyiz. Bize ve kendilerinin hizmetine verildiğimiz Cennet'liklere müjdeler olsun. " (Tirmizi Hadîs NO:2547)