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Kur'an ışığında sezaryen Sezaryen, hâmile kadının karnı ve rahimi kesilip yarılarak bebeğin çıkarılması ve sonra da kesilip yarılan yerlere dikiş atılmasıdır. Sezaryen normal doğuma nazaran pek çok sakıncayı içeren tıbbî/medikal bir operasyondur takvim.com.tr Kaynak GAZETE Giriş Tarihi : 07 Aralık 2012
Sezaryenin dinî hükmünü caiz ve haram olarak iki şekilde açıklayabiliriz:
a. Uzmanlardan oluşan bilim-etik kurulu onayı ile ana ve çocuk sağlığını korumak için sezaryen caizdir. Yapılabilir ve yapılması da gereklidir. YAPILABİLİRLİĞİN DELİLLERİ Dinimizin haramları helâl kılan Kur'ân kaynaklı zarûret prensibi ile hayatın tehlikeye atılmaması ilkesi, yapılabilirliğin ve gerekliliğin kaynağı olarak değerlendirilebilir
. (Bakara 2/ 173, 195; Mâide 5/3) b.
Değinilen ana ve çocuk sağlını koruma dışındaki korku, ağrı-sancı ve benzeri sebeplerle yapılacak bütün sezaryenler, -en doğrusunu Allah bilir ictihaden - haramdır; yapanları, yaptıranları ve sağlık kurumlarını aracı kılanları günahkâr kılar. Alınacak ücret de haramdır. HARAMLIĞIN DELİLLERİ Haramlığın delillerini şöylece özetleyebiliriz:
I. Yüce Allah, yarattığı her bir varlığı, yaratılış amacı doğrultusunda yaşama ve görev yapma yeteneğiyle donatmıştır.
Bu gerçek Kur'ânımızda şöylece açıklanır:
" Rabbimiz, yarattığı her bir varlığa yaratılış amacını kodlayan ve sonra da onu işlevine yönlendirendir." (Tâhâ 20/50) Cinselliği yaratan ve üreme kanununu koyan Yüce Allah doğum için üreme organını görevlendirmiştir. Bu, organı işlevsel kılmak Rabbimizin buyruğudur: "A
llah'ı birleyen olarak varlığını Onun dînine yönelt; Allah'ın insanlarla ilgili olarak yarattığı yaratılış kanunlarına yapış. Allah'ın koyduğu yaratılış yasalarının alternatifi yoktur. Gerçek Dîn budur. Ne var ki insanların pek çoğu bu hakikati bilmez." (Rûm 30/30) Gereksiz sezaryen, üreme organının görevini karına yaptırmaktır ve bu işlem yaratılış yasasına aykırıdır ve bunun için de haramdır.
II. Yaradılış yasalarına aykırılığı önermek, insanlara şer aşılama gücü ile yetkilendirilen baş Şeytan İblîs'in ve onun cinler ve insanlardan oluşan bağlılarının Hak'tan saptırma yöntemidir. Bu durum İblîs'in dilinden Kur'ân'da şöylece açıklanır:
"...
Ben insanlara önereceğim, onlarda yaratılış yasalarını değiştirmeye kalkacaklar ..."
( Nisa 4/119) Normal doğumun risk oluşturabileceği ve dayanılmaz ağrılar/sancılar çektirilebileceği şeklinde ki yanıltıcı beyanlar, Şeytanîdir, doğrudan saptırmadır. Bu sebeple de haramdır. Çünkü pek az olan istisnalar bir tarafa, döllenişi ve doğuşu birer mucize olan çocuğun doğal doğumu güvenlidir.
Çünkü "
Yüce Allah ona (ana rahminden)
çıkışı kolaylaştırmıştır. "
(Abese 80/20. Bağlamı dikkate alan müfessirlerimizce bu âyet, "ana rahminden çıkmayı kolaylaştırma" olarak anlaşılmıştır. ( Taberî ve İbn Kesîr Abese 20) Meşakkatle doğum, örneğin başın önden çıkması türü genel kolaylaştırma olgusu ile çelişmez.) Ananın dayanılabilir sancıları da Yaratan'ın düzenlemesidir. Doğal olan bu durum, olması gereken olarak da nitelendirilebilir.
(Hayvanlarda olduğu gibi zamanı geldiğinde insanlarda da hiçbir yardım alınmaksızın doğum kaçınılamaz olarak gerçekleşmektedir.) Rabbimiz şöyle buyurur:
"Biz insana ana babasına yürekten iyilikler yapmasını ve güzelce davranmasını emrettik. Özellikle annesi onu (gebeliğin ikinci ve ağır döneminde gelişimini tamamlamış insan yavrusu olarak)
zahmetle taşıdı, meşakkatle doğurdu..." (Ahkâf 46/15.Ayrıca bak.Lokman 31/14; Bakara 2/233. Kur'an gebeliği hafif ve ağır gebelik olarak ikiye ayırır ve doğum öncesi altı ayı da ağır gebelik ( Kürh/meşakkat) olarak niteler. Araf 7/189; Ahkâf 46/15) HZ. MERYEM'İN HAMİLELEĞİ Rabbimizin dilemesiyle, Hz.Îsa'ya gebe kılınan ve
-istemeksizin- babasız çocuk doğuracak olmanın bunalımıyla "
daha önce ölseydim de unutulup gitseydim," diyecek kadar üzüntülere boğulan Hz. Meryem'e bile çektirilen doğum sancıları, çekilmesi gereğine bir işaret olsa gerektir. Hiç şüphesiz Meryem'e yapılan ilahî yardımın , suda doğum izlenimini vermesi, doğumun kolaylaştırılması görevimizi de hatırlatmaktadır:
"Derken doğum sancısı Meryem'i bir hurma ağacına doğru sürükledi. Bu sırada 'Keşke daha önce ölseydim de unutulup gitseydim.' diyerek sızlandı. İç geçirince de, vücudunun alt bölgesinden bir sesle ona şöylece seslenildi: Sakın ha üzülme. Rabbin senin altından bir derecik akıtacaktır." (Meryem 19/23-24. Âyette geçen" tahteki/senin altında" ifadesini üreme organının altından şeklinde algılamamıza lafız ve anlam engeli yoktur.) III. Yukarıda değinildiği üzere karnın ve rahimin sekiz kat kesimini ve sonrasında kesilen yerlerin dikimini içeren ve genel anesteziyi gerektirir olması yanı sıra enfeksiyonlara da ihtimalli olan sezaryen sağlık yönünden riskler içermektedir
. Riskten sakınmak;tehlikeden kaçınmak ise Rabbimizin Kur'ânî buyruğudur:
" Allah yolunda -fakirliği giderici/toplumu geliştirici- harcamalar yapın. Canlarınızı kendi ellerinizle tehlikeye atmayın.Allah sizi görüyor bilinci içinde erdemli yaşayın. Allah'ın erdemlileri sevdiğini de bilin." (Bakara 2/195) IV . Yukarıda üç madde halinde açıklanan Kur'âni argümanlar yanı sıra sezâryeni haramlaştıran bir diğer sebep de onun –genelde ideolojik amaçlarla –aile ve özellikle nüfûs planlaması aracı kılınabilmesidir.
Evrenin,yeryüzünün, insanlar dahil canlıların ve yaşam kaynaklarının ilahî bir plana bağlı olmaksızın yaratıldığı varsayımına dayanan ve kürtaj gibi emperyalist amaçlarla da yapılabilen/yaptırılabilen sezaryen, özellikle ilk doğumun sezaryenle yapılması durumunda çocuk sayısını sınırlandırıcı yıkıcı ve etkin bir yöntem olabilmektedir.
Bu şekliyle de sezaryen Nesli bozma/rahimleri doğum yapamaz kılma işlemidir. Bu tür işlemleri yapanlar ise Kurân'da Rabbimiz tarafından kalblerine îman akmamış kişiler olarak şöylece yerilmektedir:
"İslâm'a/doğal yasalara baş kaldıranlar karar verici yetkili konuma gelince hayatın tabii akışını bozmaya, ürünleri ve nesilleri de yok etmeye çalışırlar."(Bakara 2/205) SEZARYEN ÜCRETİ Faiz ,zina ve alkollü içki örnekleriyle de kanıtlandırılabileceği üzere Haram kapsamına alınabilecek her bir işlemden alınacak ücret gibi Sezaryenden alınacak ücret de haramdır.
Ana ve bebek sağlığının gerektirmediği sezaryenler , sezaryen olarak haram olduğu için ondan alınacak üçret haramsa da uygulamada haramlığı pekiştiren başka sebepler de vardır.
Dayanılabilir sancıları içeren doğumu, "Normal doğumun ana ve bebeği için riskler içerdiği ve sezaryenin daha güvenli bir yöntem olabileceği" şeklindeki çıkar amaçlı beyanlar, İslâm'ın yasakladığı türden aldatmadır ve aldatmaya dayalı sezaryenlerden alınacak ücret, insanların malını batıl yollardan biriyle yemektir. Burada konumuzla ilgili olduğu için haram nitelikli bir sezaryen için tüccar mantığıyla hastaya veya yakınlarına "Sezaryen ister misiniz" şeklinde örtülü teşvik vasıflı bir soru sorulamayacağını da dile getirmek isteriz.. Çünkü harama yol açmak da Ku'ânî bir haramdır.
(Kur'ânî delil için bak. En'am 5/108.) SONUÇ VEYA HÜKÜM * Uzmanlardan oluşan bir ilim/etik kurulu kararıyla yapılması gerekenleri dışındaki bütün sezaryenler, açıklanan İslâmî kurallar sebebiyle içtihaden haram olarak nitelendirilebilecek işlemlerdir. Haram nitelikli sezaryenlere yönlendirici açıklamalarda bulunanlar, onay verenler, yaptıranlar ve yapanlar haram işledikleri için günahkârdırlar. Suçlu olarak da cezalandırılabilirler. Sağlık birimlerinin ve sezaryeni yapanların aldıkları paralar da haramdır. Alınan paralar, helâllik alınarak sahiplerine iade edilmelidir.