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Yatırım üssü Türkiye Türkiye için çok önemli bir proje. Çin’den sonra en çok güzergaha sahip ülke 1800 km ile Türkiye olacak. Bu projenin Londra’ya gitmesine Türkiye izin verecek. Ayrıca bir yatırım üssüne dönüşecek ve jeo-stratejik konuma sahip olacak takvim.com.tr Kaynak GAZETE Giriş Tarihi : 06 Kasım 2017
Ç in bugün birçok alanda dünyanın birincisi. 1 milyar 350 milyondan fazla nüfusu, 3 trilyon dolar rezerv parası, 161 ülkeye yatırım yapan ve üretim kapasitesi açısından tartışmasız lider durumunda. Bugün ekonomik büyüklükte ABD'den sonra geliyor, ama 2030 Çin ekonomisi 23 trilyon doları geçecek, ABD ise Çin'in gerisinde kalacak. Çin'i dünyanın bir numarası yapması planlanan İpek Yolu projesini ve bu projede Türkiye'nin önemini Çin'de diplomatlık yapmış işadamı Noyan Rona anlattı. Kuşak Yol Projesi nedir, amacı ne? Çin için Kuşak Yol çok önemli bir proje. 21. yy'da dünya ekonomisini kalkındıracak belki de lokomotif görevi görecek bir proje. İnşaat maliyeti 1 trilyon dolar civarında. 67 ülkeyi ilgilendiriyor. Bu ülkelerin birlikte kalkınması ve birlikte paylaşması amaçlanıyor. Önümüzdeki 10-15 yıllık süreçte Çin'de bizim göreceğimiz şey Kuşak Yol Projesi dahilinde bu güzergah üzerinde ekonomik açılımların yapılacağı süreç olacaktır. Dünya sistemini mi etkileyecek? Çin'in Asya Pasifik tarafında ABD tarafından ablukaya karşı Kuşak Yol Projesini geliştirdi. Bu proje ekonomik bir işbirliğini ve kültürel ilişkileri de beraberinde getirecek. Küresel ticaret için çok önemli bir proje. Çin bu proje ile kendine tehdit olarak gördüğü bir çok konuyu Kuşak Yol ile elemine edecek. Türkiye için ne anlama geliyor bu proje? Türkiye için çok önemli bir proje. Çin'den sonra en çok güzergaha sahip ülke 1800 km ile Türkiye olacak. Hem de Boğaz'dan geçecek olması daha da stratejik duruma sokuyor Türkiye'yi. Bu projenin Londra'ya gitmesine Türkiye izin verir hale getirecek. Türkiye bu proje ile jeo-stratejik konuma geldi. Türkiye ne kazanabilir bu projeden? Ekonomik, siyasi, kültürel, turizm ve finansal olarak bu projenin ruhuna uygun projeler geliştirmeliyiz. Çinliler'le burada çok sıkı çalışmamız gerekiyor. Türkiye 3. köprüye demiryolu koydu, Kars-Tiflis- Bakü demiryolu gecen hafta açıldı. Bunlar altyapı için çok önemli yatırımlar. Bundan sonraki kısımda bizim çok aktif olmamız gerekiyor. Nasıl projeler sunabiliriz? Kuşak Yol'a uygun Çin'e projeler. Bizim kültürümüzde Kervansaraylar var. Anadolu'da ticaret yolları üzerinde konaklama yerleri, geçiş bölgelerini yeniden icra edip turizm projesi haline getirebiliriz. Bu projeleri Çinlilerle ortak yapabiliriz. Çinliler önce turizm amaçlı gelirler ve inceleler ondan sonra da yatırım için fikir geliştirirler. Türkiye'nin avantajları var mı? Bizim en şanslı tarafımız Avrupa Birliği ile olan Gümrük Anlaşması'dır. Gümrük Birliği'nden faydalanarak Türkiye'yi ara istasyon, bir üs, Avrupa'ya açılan bir pazar, Avrupa normlarında bir üretim yapılan yer olarak kullanabilir. Dolayısıyla Avrupa'ya gümrük bariyerlerinin olmadığı bir yer olarak kullandırabiliriz. Çinliler de bu şartlarda her türlü yatırım için buraya gelebilirler. Bu yatırımlar hem istihdam hem de ihracata yönelik çok büyük katkı sağlayacaktır. Yatırım için ne yapmalıyız? Çinliler finansal konularda yatırım yapabilir. Mesela Türkiye'nin hazine bonoları satın almaları çok önemli ve kolay olabilir. Bütün bunlar ancak çok iyi bir tanıtım ve kendimizi anlatma ile olacaktır. Türkiye bugüne kadar 2 milyar Dolarlık yatırım alabildi. Çin'in yıllık yatırımları 60 milyar dolar civarında. Türkiye çok ciddi tanıtım yaparak bizim avantajımız olan Avrupa Birliği ile olan özel durumumuzu çok iyi anlatmamız gerekiyor. Asya Altyapı Yatırım Bankası neden kuruldu? Bu bankanın kurucuları arasında Türkiye var. 2.7 milyar dolarlık katkı ile 6. kurucu ülkeyiz. Bankanın içerisinde Türkiye'nin de temsilcisi var. Şu an için üye ülkelerin sayısı 70 e çıkmış durumda. Mesela bu bankaya Kanada'da üye oluyor. Bu banka çok kutupluluğa gidilen dünyanın ekonomik ayağını oluşturuyor. İM F ve Dünya Bankası'nın alternatifi mi? Asya Altyapı Bankası, Dünya Bankası ve İMF'nin alternatifi durumunda. İMF ve Dünya Bankasından farklı olarak bölgesel nitelikte spesifik alanlarda faaliyet gösteren banka. Asya Yatırım Bankası ve Avrupa Yatırım Bankası'ndan daha büyük ve etkin olacak. Yapısı diğer bankalara göre demokratik olacak. Çin, ABD'nin İMF ve Dünya Bankası üzerindeki etkinliği gibi etkin olmayacak. Kuşak Yol Projesi'nde etkin görev alacak bu banka. 3 TRİLYON DOLAR NAKİTLERİ VAR Dünyada ne kadar Çinli yatırımlar var? Çin dünyanın 161 ülkesine yatırım yapıyor. Yıllık olarak 48 ile 55 milyar dolarlık bir dış yatırım yapıyor. Yatırımları bütün sektörlere yönelik... 3 trilyon dolardan fazla nakit rezervleri var. Bunun 2 trilyon doları Amerikan Hazine bonosunda. Özellikle Afrika'ya olan ilgisini neye yormalıyız? Çin-Afrika Zirvesi uzun yıllardır her yıl toplanıyor. Bugüne kadar Afrika'ya yaklaşık 60 milyar dolarlık yardımda bulundu. Her yıl 15-20 bin Afrikalı öğrenciyi Çin'e getirip eğitim veriyor. Yetişmiş elemanlarını Afrika'ya gönderiyor. Çin dolardan kendi parasına döner mi? Bu olabilir. Ama 30-40 yılda yavaş yavaş yapabilirler. Çünkü Çin'in para birimi konvertible bir para değil. Bir de bugün Çin'in ABD dolarına da ihtiyacı var. ABD dolarından çıkıp Yuan'a döndüğünde ABD ekonomisini de sarsabilecek duruma gelir, ama bugün Çin ile ABD arasında yıllık 300-400 milyar dolarlık bir ticaret var. 500 MİLYON ÇALIŞANI VAR Çin'de şu an kamu da ve serbest piyasa da çalışıyor? Kamuda çok fazla değil 50 milyon civarında çalışan var. KOBİ'ler de 120- 130 milyon, özel sektörde 300 milyon civarında. Devlet dışı sektör ekonomide daha ağırlıklı durumda. Dünya büyüme oranının yüzde 30'unu Çin sağlıyor. NOYAN RONA KİMDİR 1983 yılında devlet bursu ile Çin'e master için gönderilen ilk Türk Noyan Rona burada 3 yıl eğitim aldı. Dışişleri Bakanlığı'na girdi. Pekin'de büyükelçilikte uzun yıllar görev yaptı. 3 yıl konsolos olarak çalıştı. Sonra'da Garanti Bankası Şangay temsilciliğini açtı ve halen burada görevli. 35 yıldır Çin'de yaşıyor. RÖPORTAJ: ALİ DEĞERMENCİ