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Nübüvvete İman Dinin Kurucu Unsurudur takvim.com.tr Kaynak GAZETE Giriş Tarihi : 03 Haziran 2017
R amazan hakkında ne biliyorsak ve her ne duyduysak onu birinden öğrendik: Hz. Peygamber! Bu ayda nasıl davranmamız gerektiğini yine ondan öğrendik. Ramazan'ın bizi temizleyeceğini, azabından azat olabileceğimizi hep ondan öğrendik. Öyleyse Ramazan nedir bizim için:
Peygamber ayıdır Ramazan! İslam, bir peygamber tarafından bildirilmiş dinin adıdır. Peygamber sadece dini bildirmez, bizzat kendisi o dinin bir parçasıdır ve ona iman etmekle din tamamlanır. Peygamber sayesinde din insanlara ulaşmakla kalmaz; somut bir anlam kazanarak insan davranışlarını yönlendirir. Bu itibarla din peygamberde temessül eden hakikatin ta kendisidir. Hz. Peygamber'in ahlakını anlatırken Hz. Ayşe 'Onun ahlakı Kuran idi' dedi. Her kim için söylenirse Kuran ile onun arasında bir derece boşluk kalır veya böyle bir cümle o kişi adına övgü olur. Hz. Peygamber ile Kuran arasında boşluk kalmaz ve bu cümle artık bir övgü değil bir tespittir. "O yaşayan Kuran'dır." İslam, belirsiz bir hakikat olarak gelmez bize... Belirsiz ve tarifsiz hakikat de içermez. İslam'ın bütün hakikat ve doğruları bir insanda temessül etmiştir. Okumak isteyene kitap, dinlemek isteyene söz ve görmek isteyene insan gösterilir. Kitap ve söz Kuran-ı Kerim, kişi ise Hz. Peygamber'dir. Müminler için merhamet nedir sorusunun cevabı vardır: Hz. Peygamber'in merhameti! Cömertlik, adalet, erdem, iffet, temizlik vs. her türlü ahlakın bir tarifi vardır: Peygamber ahlakı!
PEYGAMBER VARSA DİN VARDIR Hz. Peygamber'e iman etmek mümin olmanın zorunlu şartıdır: Olmazsa, din olmaz ve biz olmayız demektir! Peygamber olmazsa din zaten var olmamıştır. Bir insan veya alem varsa, aklımıza Allah gelir. Ortada bir din varsa akla gelmesi gereken Peygamberdir. Bu, dini Peygamber meydana getirdi demek değildir; din ona geldi, önce o yaşadı ve o inandı.
Peygamber varsa din vardır; nübüvvetin dışındakine din değil, ahlak veya felsefe veya başka bir ad verilir, din denilemez. Allah'a ilk iman eden Peygamber'dir. O'nun emrini ilk yerine getiren, O'na ilk teslim olan yine Peygamberdir. Hz. Adem, 'Biz kendimize zulmettik' dedi ve Allah'a döndü. Ondan beri bütün müminler günahta ve gaflette Allah'a dönmeyi öğrendi. Hz. İbrahim, 'Yönümü Allah'a çevirdim' derken veya Hz. Yusuf, 'Rabbim benim rüyamı hak çıkardı' veya Hz. Musa, 'Rabbim bana kendini göster' derken hep aynı şey söylendi: Peygamber insan dikkatini Allah'a teksif eden kişidir. Hz. Peygamber 'O'nun adıyla okuyarak' bize hakikati anlattı. Mucize önce peygambere geldi, vahyi o dinledi. Hz. Peygamber gece ve gündüz ibadetle vaktini imar etti. İnsanın hayatın her anında hangi hal üzere olması gerektiğini ondan öğrendik. Günahları bağışlanmışken dahi istiğfar etmenin anlamını öğretti: 'Esas ibadet şükürdür' dedi. İbadetimizle Allah'tan alacaklı değil, O'na borçlu olduğumuzu fark ettirdi bize. Hamd ile şükür farkını ondan öğrendik; incelikleri gösteren odur. Onun yolundan gidenler sonradan 'Rekaik' (ahlak ve dini hayatta incelikler) kitapları yazarken bu incelikleri anlattı bize. Hayatın her anında şükretmek gerektiğini peygamberde gördü müminler. Peygamber 'Sana hakkıyla şükredemedik' deyince şükrü yerine getirmekten aciz olduğumuzu da ondan öğrendik. Tevekkülü peygamberde gördük. 'Deveyi bağla tevekkül et' derken dikkatimizi devenin bağlanmış olmasına değil, Allah'a vermemiz gerektiğini fark ettik.
AHLAKI O TAMAMLADI Önce 'Herkes için' ahlak diyerek insanlık ödevine zıt kabile ahlakını ayaklar altına aldı. Cömertlik yakınlara vermek veya kanından olanları gözetmek değildir dedi. Cömertlik herkesle paylaşabilmek ve korkmadan infak edebilmektir. Hz. Peygamber, cömertlik ile temizlenmek arasındaki irtibatı bize anlattı. Böylece temizliği öğrendik; temizlik ahlaken arınmak, merhametli olmak, adil ve güvenilir bir insan temizliğine ulaşmaktı. Allah uğruna sabretmenin anlamını öğretti. Sabır Allah'ı hatırlamak ve hiç unutmamak, bize Allah'ı unutturan her türlü sıkıntıya karşı direnmek demekti. Peygamber bize merhametin acımak denilen gizli kibir olmadığını öğretti. Merhamet Allah'tan gelen bir varlık ilkesidir. Allah, alemi merhametinden yarattı. Her türlü faaliyet merhametten ortaya çıkar. Ramazan'da peygamberi düşünürken akla gelebilecek birkaç husus bunlar olabilir.
ALLAH EN ÇOK KİME NİMET VERMİŞTİR? Bir derviş Allah'a 'Rabbim benden razı ol' diye dua ederken içinden 'Allah senden razı, yeter ki sen O'ndan razı ol' diye bir ses duymuş. Derviş 'Ben rabbimden razıyım' deyince, içindeki ses şöyle demiş: 'Allah sana mı çok nimet verdi, alimlere mi?' Derviş 'Bana da verdi, fakat tabii ki alimlere daha çok verdi' demiş. Bu kez 'Sana mı çok nimet verdi, zenginlere mi' diye sormuş. Derviş 'Tabii ki zenginlere, onların daha çok şükretmesi lazım' demiş. Bu kez 'Sana mı, yöneticilere mi?' diye sorunca 'Tabii ki onlara verdi' deyince 'Sana en az nimet verilmişken niçin Allah'tan razısın?' demiş ve eklemiş: 'Allah alimlere bilgi verdi ki sana hizmet etsinler, sen ise zahmet çekmeden bilgi öğren. Zenginlere zenginlik verdi ki sana hizmet versinler.' Bu kez derviş 'Şimdi anladım ya Rabbi! En çok nimeti bana vermişsin' demiş. Mümin olmak Allah'ın görünür ve görünmez bütün nimetlerini fark etmek demektir. O zaman şükredilmiş olur.
HZ. PEYGAMBER'İN AHLAKI: CÖMERTLİK Hz. Peygamber'in niteliklerinden birisi cömertlikti. Hz. Peygamberimiz sadece elindekini vermekle kalmazdı, gelme ihtimali olan şeyleri de verir, bazen borçlanarak verirdi. Adamın biri Hz. Peygamber'den alacağını isterken sesini yükseltmiş, Hz. Ömer kendisini sert bir şekilde uyarınca Hz. Peygamber şöyle demiş: 'Adam alacaklı, hakkı var.' Hz. Peygamber sırf cömertliği sebebiyle Dar-ı bekaya borçlu göçmüştü. Müminlerin Hz. Peygamberden öğrenecekleri en büyük ahlaklardan birisi engin cömertliğidir.
BİR AYET 'De ki O Allah birdir, hiçbir şeye muhtaç değildir, doğmadı ve doğurulmadı, hiç kimse O'na denk değildir.' (İhlas suresi Bu ayetler, İhlas Suresi'nde Allah'ın bize kendisini nitelediği ayetlerdir. Hz. Peygamber'e, Allah hakkında soru sorulmuş, Allah-u Teala da kendisini insanlara böyle tanıtmıştır: Allah bir hüviyet (Bilinmez olan) sahibi ve mutlak anlamda bir olandır. O'nun birliği sayısal anlamda değildir. Hiç kimseden varlığını almamıştır ve bu nedenle kimseye muhtaç değildir. Allah ne kimsenin varlığına ve yardımına ne kimsenin ibadetine muhtaçtır. O insanlara sadece kendileri için lazım olan işleri emreder. O birini doğurmamıştır ve kimse O'nu doğurmamıştır. Doğurma ve doğurulma mitolojik metinlerde Allah ile varlıklar arasında gerçek benzerlik ve ilişki kuran ifadelerdir. İslam bunu reddederek Allah ile alem arasındaki bu tarz bir irtibatı ortadan kaldırır. Bazı alimler şunu ekler: Allah zihnimizin doğurduğu bir kavram da değildir. Bu da özellikle çağımızda dine yöneltilen bazı ithamlara cevaptır. Allah'ı biz bulmadık, O bizi var etti. Ve hiçbir kimse O'na denk değildir: Ne varlığında, ne niteliklerinde kimse O'na benzemez.
BİR HADİS 'İnsan, kendisi için istediğini mümin kardeşi için istemedikçe mümin olamaz.' Bu Hadis-i Şerif, insanın nasıl ahlaklı ve mümine layık şekilde davranabileceğini anlatır. Benzer bir cümlede ise 'Kendin için istemediğini başkası için de istememelisin' denilir. Fakat bu cümle pasif ahlaktır. Hz. Peygamber'in hadislerinde aktif ahlak vardır. Bir insana, bize yapılmasını istemediğimiz bir şeyi yapmamakla ahlaklı davranmış sayılmayız; ona bize davranılmasını istediğimiz gibi davranırsak salih iş yapmış oluruz. Hadis-i Şerif, insan aklına ve vicdanına bir görev yükleyerek doğruyu nasıl bilebileceğini anlatıyor. İnsan özü gereği kendi faydasını hedefler. Hz. Peygamber bu akıl yürütmeyle kendimizinkini düşündüğümüz kadar her insanın maslahatını düşünen bir ahlak anlayışını bize emrediyor. Günümüzde en çok muhtaç olduğumuz ahlak ilkelerinden birisi budur.
SORU-CEVAP Mezarlarda, türbelerde dua etmek hakkında ne dersiniz? Müminlerin mezarları, türbeleri ziyaret etmesinde mahzur yoktur. Fakat bu mekanları 'Kutsal mekan' diye niteleyerek hacet kapısı haline getirmek doğru değildir. Bunu iki açıdan ele alabiliriz: Birincisi, ihtiyaç Allah'a arz edilir. Biz müminler birbirimize dua ederiz, fakat duaları kabul edecek olan Allah'tır. Her mümin, dikkatini Allah'a vermek zorundadır. Mezarları ziyaret ederken orada yatan bütün müminlere dua etmek, kimseyi ayırmadan hepsi için Fatiha'lar okumak iyi ve doğru bir iştir. Fakat kişilere dua etmek yerine onlardan talepte bulunmak, önce türbelerdeki zatları mustarip eder. İkinci mesele ise insanlar dikkatlerini daha çok yaşayan insanlara vermelidir. "Mübarek mekan" denince akla türbelerden daha çok hastaneler, yetimhaneler, düşkünlerin mekanları veya sokakta kalmış kişilerin yaşadığı yerler gelmelidir. Yaşayan insanın duasını alabilmek için gayret etmek, bütün canlılara İslam ahlakı üzere davranmak, hasta ziyaret etmek, yetimleri gözetmek, yolda kalmışlara yardım etmek İslam'ın bizden esas talep ettiğidir. Esas dua yerleri buralardır, türbeler değil! Bu nedenle türbe ziyaretlerine dikkatimizi verdiğimizden çok yetimhanelere, hastanelere kısaca darda kalmış insanlara vermemiz emredildi.
E. DEMİRLİ DANIŞMANLIĞINDA HAZIRLANMIŞTIR