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Çin ile Brezilya , Rusya , Hindistan ve Güney Afrika 'nın oluşturduğu grubun zirvede 6 yeni ülkeyi üyeliğe davet etmesi, BRICS'in dünya siyasetinde ağırlığını artıracağının sinyalini verirken, genişleme sürecini destekleyen Pekin 'in karar verici rolünü ortaya koydu.
Şi, ana zirve toplantıları dışında, BRICS ve diğer ülkelerin liderleriyle ikili görüşmelerinde, Çin 'in gelişmekte olan ülkelerle arasında dayanışmaya ve "güney-güney işbirliğine" verdiği önemi vurguladı.
Küresel rekabetinin arttığı bir dönemde Çin liderinin Zirve konuşmalarında ABD 'yi hegemonya ve cepheleşme siyaseti üzerinden eleştirdiği örtülü mesajlar dikkati çekti.
GÜNEY AFRİKA İLE "ALTIN ÇAĞ" Çin lideri, programına 21 Ağustos'ta Zirve'ye ev sahipliği yapan Güney Afrika 'ya yaptığı resmi ziyaretle başladı.
Şi, Güney Afrika Cumhurbaşkanı Cyril Ramaphosa ile görüşmesinde, bu yıl iki ülke arasında diplomatik ilişkilerin kurulmasının 25'inci yıl dönümü olduğunu hatırlatarak, iki ülke ilişkilerinin "altın çağa" girdiğini ifade etti.
Çin-Güney Afrika "kapsamlı stratejik işbirliğini" yeni bir seviyeye çıkarma çağrısında bulunan Şi, "Uluslararası ilişkilerde ne olursa olsun Çin'in Güney Afrika ile dostluğa ve işbirliğine bağlılığı değişmeyecek." dedi.
Şi, Çin ile Güney Afrika arasında büyüyen ve güçlenen ilişkilerin, yalnızca iki ülke halkına faydası olmadığını, aynı zamanda değişim ve kargaşa döneminden geçen dünyaya daha fazla istikrar sağlayacağını belirtti.
ABD'YE ÜSTÜ ÖRTÜLÜ ELEŞTİRİ Çin Devlet Başkanı, 22 Ağustos'ta yapılan BRICS İş Forumu 'nun liderler toplantısında, önceden duyurulmasına rağmen, bilinmeyen bir sebeple katılmazken, Ticaret Bakanı Vang Vıntao , Şi'nin konuşmasını kürsüde okudu.
Şi, Vang'ın aktardığı konuşmasında, dünyanın büyük bir değişimden geçtiğini, zamanın ve tarihin görülmedik şekillerde dönüştüğünü ve insan toplumunun kritik bir kavşağa geldiğini vurgulayarak şunları kaydetti:
"İşbirliğini ve bütünleşmeyi mi hedefleyeceğiz yoksa bölünme ve cepheleşmenin tuzağına mı düşeceğiz? Barış ve istikrarı korumak için birlik içinde çaba mı göstereceğiz, yoksa yeni bir soğuk savaşın uçurumuna mı sürükleneceğiz? Açıklığı, kapsayıcılığı ve refahı mı hedefleyeceğiz, yoksa hegemonya ve zorbalığın bizi buhrana sürüklemesine izin mi vereceğiz? Etkileşim içinde ve birbirimizden öğrenerek karşılıklı güven mi inşa edeceğiz, yoksa kibir ve önyargının vicdanımızı karartmasına göz mü yumacağız? Tarihin seyri yapacağımız tercihlerle şekillenecek."
Aktarılan konuşmasında yükselen piyasaların ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerin sömürgeciliğin boyunduruğundan kurtularak bugünlere geldiğini, azim, sabır ve büyük fedakarlıklarla bağımsızlıklarını kazandıklarını ve kendi ulusal koşullarına uygun kalkınma yollarını aradıklarını ifade eden Şi, adını anmadan ABD'yi ima ederek, "Fakat 'belirli bir ülke', gelişmekte olan ülkelerin belini bükmek için elinden geleni yapıyor. Hangi ülke biraz fazla gelişse çevrelenmek üzere onun hedefi oluyor, hangi ülke mesafeyi kapatmaya çalışsa onun engelleriyle karşılaşıyor." diye konuştu.
Şi, insan uygarlığının doğasının çeşitlilik olduğu, tarihi, kültürel ve sistemsel farklılıklara sahip ülkelerinin birbirinden öğrenmesi ve birlikte ilerlemesi gerektiğinin altını çizerek, "demokrasiye karşı otoriterlik" ve "liberalizme karşı otokrasi" gibi tezlerle bölünme yaratmanın ayrışmaya ve uygarlıkların çatışmasına yol açacağı görüşünü dile getirdi.
"KÜRESEL ADALETİ VE EŞİTLİĞİ SAVUNMA" VURGUSU
Çin Devlet Başkanı, 23 Ağustos'ta yapılan liderler toplantısına ise bizzat katılarak yaptığı konuşmada BRICS işbirliğinin küresel yönetişimde adalet ve kalkınmada eşitliğin savunucu olması gerektiğini vurguladı.
Sürdürebilir kalkınma hedeflerine ulaşmak için BRICS ülkelerinin, ekonomik bağların koparılmasına, tedarik zincirlerinin kesilmesine ve ekonomik baskılara karşı birlikte mücadele etmesi gerektiğini vurgulayan Şi, "Kalkınma tüm ülkelerin hakkıdır, az sayıda ülkenin ayrıcalığı değil." ifadesini kullandı.
Şi, BRICS ülkelerinin dünyada barış ve huzurun sağlanması için siyasi ve güvenlik alanında da işbirliğini geliştirmesi, temel çıkarları ilgilendiren konularda birbirine destek olması gerektiğine işaret etti.
Her ülkenin kendi seçtiği modernleşme yoluna saygı göstermenin, ideolojik husumetten, sistemler arası cepheleşmeden ve uygarlıklar arası çatışmadan kaçınmanın öneminin altını çizen Şi, "Dünyada çok sayıda farklı uygarlık ve kalkınma yolu var ve böyle de olmalı. İnsanlık tarihi bir uygarlıkla veya sistemle sona ermeyecek." değerlendirmesinde bulundu.
Şi, ABD ve Batılı müttefiklerine örtülü bir eleştiri olarak, dışlayıcı gruplar oluşturup kendi kurallarını uluslararası norm olarak dayatmanın kabul edilemeyeceğini, BRICS ülkelerinin böylesi girişimlere karşı çıkması gerektiğini belirtti.
"GENİŞLEME KARARI TARİHİ BİR ADIM" Çin lideri, 24 Ağustos'ta katıldığı genişletilmiş "BRICS Dostları Toplantısı"nda, Suudi Arabistan, Arjantin, Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri, İran, Mısır ve Etiyopya'nın gruba resmi üyelik için davet edileceğini duyurulmasının ardından yaptığı değerlendirmede, kararı "tarihi bir adım" olarak niteledi.
Şi, kararın, "uluslararası toplumun beklentilerine, yükselen piyasalar ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerin ortak çıkarlarına uygun olduğunu" ve "BRICS üyelerinin diğer gelişmekte olan ülkelerle işbirliğini genişletme kararlılığını ortaya koyduğunu" vurguladı.
Geçen yıl Çin'in dönem başkanlığında çevrim içi düzenlenen 14. BRICS Zirvesi 'nde Şi, grubun yeni üyelerle genişletilmesi çağrısında bulunmuştu.
ÇİN-AFRİKA LİDERLER DİYALOĞU
Çin Devlet Başkanı Şi, 24 Ağustos'ta, BRICS marjında ilk kez düzenlenen Çin-Afrika Liderler Diyaloğu toplantısına katıldı.
Toplantıda Afrika ülkelerinin liderlerine hitap eden Şi, bağımsızlık sonrası kıta çapındaki ilk örgüt olan Afrika Birliği'nin 1963'te kurulmasından bu yana geçen 60 yılda Afrika'nın birlik ve bütünleşme yolunda büyük mesafe kaydettiğini, çok taraflılığı savunduğunu ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerin ortak çıkarlarını koruduğunu belirtti.
Afrika Birliğinin 2063 Gündemi'nin istikrarlı gelişimi ve Afrika Kıtasal Serbest Ticaret Bölgesini ilanıyla Afrika'nın dünyada küresel etkiye sahip bir kutup olarak öne çıktığını ifade eden Şi, daha adil ve eşitlikçi bir dünya düzeninin, daha barışçı ve güvenli bir küresel ortamın ve daha açık ve kapsayıcı bir dünya ekonomisinin oluşturulması için Çin ile Afrika ülkeleri arasında dayanışma ve işbirliğinin geliştirilmesi çağrısında bulundu.
Şi, Çin'in, "Afrika ülkelerinin güvenilir bir dostu" olduğunu, son yıllarda kıtaya büyük miktarda kalkınma desteği sağladığını, 6 bin kilometreden fazla demir yolu, 6 bin kilometreden fazla kara yolu ve 8'den fazla büyük hidroelektrik santrali projesinin inşasına aracı olduğunu ifade etti.
Çin'in Afrika ülkelerinin kendi kalkınma kapasitesini geliştirmesine destek olmayı sürdüreceğini vurgulayan Şi, bunun için Afrika'nın sanayileşmesi, tarım modernleşmesi ve insan kaynaklarını geliştirmesine yönelik ortak programlarını hayata geçireceklerini bildirdi.
HİNDİSTAN İLE SINIRDAKİ GERİLİMİNİN DÜŞÜRÜLMESİ MESAJI Şi, Hindistan Başbakanı Narendra Modi ile Zirve marjında yaptığı yüz yüze görüşmede, iki ülkenin Himalayalar'daki ihtilaflı sınır bölgelerindeki gerginliklerin çözümü için yürüttükleri görüşmelerin devamı ve bölgedeki gerilimin düşürülmesi konusunda mutabakata vardı.
Görüşmenin ardından yapılan ortak açıklamada, iki liderin, "(sınır ihtilafına ilişkin) diyalog ivmesinin sürdürülmesi, askeri ve diplomatik kanallardan müzakerelere devam edilmesinde uzlaştığı" belirtildi.
Şi, tarafların, "ikili ilişkilerdeki genel çıkarları akılda tutarak sınır sorununu uygun şekilde ele alınması, sınır bölgesinde barışı ve huzurun birlikte korunması gerektiğini" vurgularken Modi de iki ülke arasındaki sınır bölgelerini ayıran Fiili Kontrol Hattı'na uyulmasının Çin-Hindistan ilişkilerinin normalleşmesi için elzem olduğuna dikkati çekti.
İki lider, sınır bölgesindeki askerlerin çekilmesi ve gerilimin düşürülmesine yönelik çabalara hız verilmesinde mutabık kaldı.
Çin Devlet Başkanı Şi, BRICS Zirvesi marjında ayrıca, Küba, Etiyopya, Bangladeş, Senegal, Namibya, Tanzanya, Malavi ve Kongo Cumhuriyeti liderleriyle ikili görüşmeler gerçekleştirdi.
Brezilya , Rusya , Hindistan, Çin ve Güney Afrika 'nın üyesi olduğu BRICS ülkeler grubunun 15'inci zirvesi, Güney Afrika'nın dönem başkanlığında 22-24 Ağustos'ta Johannesburg 'da düzenlemişti.