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1 Mayıs İşçi ve Emekçi Bayramı olması nedeniyle PTT, banka, noter, fırın ve BİM-A101-ŞOK-Migros'un açık olup olmayacağı sorgusu konuya ilişkin ayrıntılı bilgiye erişmek isteyen vatandaşlar tarafından son sürat yürütülüyor. Peki, 1 Mayıs'ta PTT, banka, noter, fırın ve BİM-A101-ŞOK-Migros açık mı? İşte, 1 Mayıs'ta açık ve kapalı kurumlar... Sokağa çıkma yasağı 1 Mayıs günü başlıyor. Sokağa çıkma yasağı gece yarısı başlıyor ve 3 Mayıs Pazar günü gece yarısı sokağa çıkma yasağı sona erecek. Pazartesi günü vatandaşlar sokağa çıkabilecek.
BUGÜN 1 MAYIS'TA SOKAĞA ÇIKMA YASAĞI
Sokağa çıkma yasağı 1 Mayıs günü başlıyor. Sokağa çıkma yasağı gece yarısı başlıyor ve 3 Mayıs Pazar günü gece yarısı sokağa çıkma yasağı sona erecek. Pazartesi günü vatandaşlar sokağa çıkabilecek.
AÇIK OLACAK İŞ YERİ, İŞLETME VE KURUMLAR
* Sokağa çıkma kısıtlamasının günlük hayata etkisini en az düzeyde tutmak amacıyla;
* a. 1- Ramazan ayı münasebetiyle, sokağa çıkma kısıtlamasının öncesinde 30.04.2020 Perşembe günü market, bakkal ve manavların çalışma saatleri 08.00-23.00 olarak belirlendi.
* a. 2- Sokağa çıkma kısıtlamasının olduğu 01.05.2020 Cuma günü market, bakkal ve manavlar 09.00-14.00 saatleri arasında faaliyet gösterebilecek. Vatandaşların (65 yaş ve üzeri ile 20 yaş ve altında bulunanlar hariç olmak üzere) zorunlu ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması ile sınırlı olmak ve araç kullanmamak şartıyla (engelli vatandaşlarımız araç kullanabilir) ikametlerine en yakın market, bakkal ve manava gidip gelebilecek. Aynı saatler arasında market, bakkal ve manavlar evlere/adrese servis şeklinde de satış yapabilecek.
* a. 3- 02.05.2020 Cumartesi ve 03.05.2020 Pazar günleri market, bakkal ve manavlar kapalı olacak.
* b) 01.05.2020 Cuma, 02.05.2020 Cumartesi ve 03.05.2020 Pazar günleri, ekmek üretiminin yapıldığı fırın ve/veya unlu mamul ruhsatlı işyerleri ile bu işyerlerinin sadece ekmek satan bayileri, ayrıca tatlı üretiminin yapıldığı/satıldığı işyerleri (Bu işyerlerinde sadece ekmek, unlu mamul ve tatlı satışı yapılabilir.) açık olacak.
* 01.05.2020 Cuma günü vatandaşların dışarı çıkamadığı saatler ile 02.05.2020 Cumartesi ve 03.05.2020 Pazar günleri tatlı satış amaçlı işyerleri sadece evlere/adrese servis şeklinde satış yapabilecek.
* c) Ramazan ayı münasebetiyle, sokağa çıkma kısıtlaması olan 01.05.2020 Cuma, 02.05.2020 Cumartesi ve 03.05.2020 Pazar günleri sadece evlere paket servis şeklinde hizmet sunmak üzere lokanta ve restoran tarzı işyerleri,
* ç) İlaç, tıbbi cihaz, tıbbi maske ve dezenfektan üretimi, nakliyesi ve satışına ilişkin faaliyetleri yürüten işyerleri,
* d) Kamu ve özel sağlık kurum ve kuruluşları, eczaneler, veteriner klinikleri ve hayvan hastaneleri,
* e) Zorunlu kamu hizmetlerinin sürdürülmesi için gerekli kamu kurum ve kuruluşları ile işletmeler (Havalimanları, limanlar, sınır kapıları, gümrükler, karayolları, huzurevleri, yaşlı bakım evleri, rehabilitasyon merkezleri, Acil Çağrı Merkezleri, AFAD Birimleri, Vefa Sosyal Destek Birimleri, Göç İdaresi, PTT vb.),
* f) Valilikler/Kaymakamlıklar tarafından yerleşim merkezleri için her 50.000 nüfusa bir adet ve il sınırları içinden geçen şehirlerarası karayolu ve varsa otoyol üzerinde her 50 km için bir adet olmak üzere belirlenecek sayıda akaryakıt istasyonu ve lastik tamircisi (Bu madde kapsamında açık olacak akaryakıt istasyonları ile lastik tamircileri kura yöntemi ile belirlenecektir ve nöbetçi akaryakıt istasyonlarının marketleri açık olacaktır.),
* g) Doğalgaz, elektrik, petrol sektöründe stratejik olarak faaliyet yürüten büyük tesis ve işletmeler (Rafineri ve petrokimya tesisleri ile termik ve doğalgaz çevrim santralleri gibi),
* ğ) İçme suyu dolum tesisleri ile içme suyu, gazete ve mutfak tüpü dağıtımını yapan şirketler,
* h) Hayvan barınakları, hayvan çiftlikleri ve hayvan bakım merkezleri,
* ı) Sağlık hizmetlerinin kapasitesini arttırmaya yönelik acil inşaat, donanım vb. faaliyetleri yürüten işletme/firmalar,
* i) Bulunduğu yerin İl/İlçe Hıfzıssıhha Kurulu tarafından izin verilmesi şartı ile makarna, un ve unlu mamüller, süt, et, balık üretimi gibi temel gıda maddelerinin üretiminin yapıldığı tesisler ve kâğıt, kolonya üretimi başta olmak üzere hijyen malzemeleri ile bu malzemelerin üretimi için ihtiyaç duyulacak hammaddelerin üretiminin yapıldığı tesisler,
* j) Yurt içi ve dışı taşımacılık (ihracat/ithalat/transit geçişler dahil) ve lojistiğini yapan firmalar,
* k) Oteller ve konaklama yerleri,
* l) Gıda, temizlik ve ilaç gibi sektörlere ambalaj sağlayan üretim tesisleri,
* m) Çalışanları inşaat alanında/maden alanında bulunan şantiyede konaklayarak yapımı veya çalışması devam eden büyük inşaatlar ile madenler (Bu madde kapsamında inşaat ve konaklama aynı şantiye alanı içinde ise izin verilir, başka bir yerden çalışanların gelmesine ve şantiyede kalanların başka bir yere gitmelerine izin verilmez. Çalışma alanı sadece inşaat alanı/maden sahaları ile sınırlıdır.),
* n) Gazete, radyo ve televizyon kuruluşları ile gazete basım matbaaları,
* o) Daha önceden sözleşmeye/taahhüde bağlanmış ve belirlenen süre içerisinde yetiştirilmesi gereken ihracata konu; mal, malzeme, ürün, araç-gereç üreten iş yerleri ve tesisler (mevcut zorunluluklarını ispatlamaları ve anılan şartlara uymaları kaydıyla),
* ö) Sokağa çıkma kısıtlamasının olduğu 01.05.2020 Cuma günü sebze-meyve halleri,
* p) Zirai amaçlı akaryakıt satışı yapılan Tarım Kredi Kooperatifleri,
* r) Kısıtlama süresinde yağmura bağımlı tarımsal faaliyetler göz önünde bulundurularak Valilikler/Kaymakamlıklar tarafından tespit edilecek ihtiyaca göre kura ile belirlenecek; zirai ilaç, tohum, fide, gübre vb. tarımsal üretime ilişkin ürün satışı yapan işletmeler,
1 MAYIS NASIL DOĞDU?
İşçi Bayramı'na uzanan sürecin ilk adımının 1856 yılında Avustralya'nın Melbourne kentinde taş ve inşaat işçileri çalışma saatlerinin azaltılması için başlattığı protestolara kadar dayanıyor. Ancak bu protestolar tarihte, ABD'nin Chicago kentinde işçilerin 1 Mayıs 1886'dan itibaren iş gününün 8 saat olması için başlattığı mücadelenin, 1889'da Milletlerarası İşçi Kardeşliği Teşkilatı'nın Paris Kongresi'nde "işçilerin ortak bayramı" olarak kabul edilmesine kadar uzanıyor.
Amerikalı işçilerin, 8 saatlik iş gününü kabul ettirmek için mücadelesi 1884'te başladı. Chicago'da, Trade-Unions (İşçi Birliği) Kongresi de 1 Mayıs 1886'dan itibaren normal iş gününün 8 saat olarak belirlenmesini kararlaştırdı. 1 Mayıs 1886'da ABD'nin büyük kentlerinde beş binden fazla grev ilan edildi. Polisle grevciler arasında çıkan çatışmalarda bir işçi öldü, çok sayıda işçi yaralandı. 3 gün süren gösteriler sonrasında sendikacılardan dördü idam, dördü ağır hapis cezasına çarptırıldı.
Milletlerarası İşçi Kardeşliği Teşkilatı'nın 1889 Paris Kongresi'nde (II. Enternasyonalin 1. kongresi),işçilerin dayanışmaları amacıyla yılda bir günün ortak bayram ilan edilmesi benimsendi. Amerikalı sendikacıların önerisi üzerine o gün ''1 Mayıs'' olarak belirlendi.
TÜRKİYE'DE 1 MAYIS
Dünyada 1890'lı yıllara uzanan İşçi Bayramı, tarihi kaynaklara göre, Osmanlı Devleti'nde ilk kez 1911'de kutlandı. Selanik'teki tütün, pamuk ve liman işçileri Türk tarihinde ilk kutlayanlar arasına girdi. İstanbul'da ise ilk kez 1912 yılında kutlandığı bilgisi kaynaklarda yer aldı. Birinci Dünya Savaşı ve Kurtuluş Savaşları'nın ardından 1 Mayıs uzun bir aradan sonra ilk kez 1921'de kutlandı. Türkiye Sosyalist Fırkasının (TSF) çağrısı üzerine İstanbul işçileri mayısın birinci pazar günü tatil yaptı. TSF merkezindeki bayramlaşmadan sonra partinin Genel Başkanı Hüseyin Hilmi Bey ve üç delege, sadrazamı ziyaret etti.
Ankara'da da Sovyetler Birliği ile dostluk ilişkileri çerçevesinde, 1 Mayıs 1922'de işçi bayramı kutlandı. 1 Mayıs 1923'te de ilk kez "resmi" olarak işçi bayramı kutlamaları yapıldı. Ancak, 1924 yılında "kitlesel" 1 Mayıs kutlamaları yasaklandı. Ardından 1925 yılında çıkarılan "Takrir-i Sükun" yasasıyla kutlamalar 1935 yılına kadar yasaklandı.
Cumhuriyet'in ilanından sonra 27 Mayıs 1935 tarihli "Ulusal Bayram ve Genel Tatiller Hakkındaki Kanun" ile 1 Mayıs "Bahar Bayramı" olarak kabul edildi. Büyük ölçekli kutlamaların yaşanmadığı Türkiye'de 1 Mayıs yaklaşık 50 yıl aradan sonra tekrar ısındı. İlk açık 1 Mayıs kutlaması, 1975 yılında İstanbul Tepebaşı'nda bir gazinoda yapıldı. 1976 yılında ise Taksim Meydanı'nda Devrimci İşçi Sendikaları Konfederasyon'u (DİSK),geniş kapsamlı bir kutlama tertip etti.