Son dakika haberi... Gıda fiyatlarında fahiş artışlarla vatandaşı canından bezdiren, küçük esnafı ve üreticiyi öldürücü uygulamalarla zora sokan büyük marketlere 'dur' diyecek sistem için harekete geçildi.
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Son dakika haberi... Gıda fiyatlarında fahiş artışlarla vatandaşı canından bezdiren, küçük esnafı ve üreticiyi öldürücü uygulamalarla zora sokan büyük marketlere 'dur' diyecek sistem için harekete geçildi.
Rekabet Kurumu, perakende sektörüne yönelik 138 sayfalık sektör raporu hazırladı. Raporda, hem üretici hem de vatandaşı koruyacak öneriler yer alıyor. Bunlarla ilgili Ticaret ve Tarım Bakanlıkları yasal düzenleme yapacak.
VADELERİN SÜRESİ DÜŞÜRÜLECEK
Büyük marketler, vatandaştan parayı peşin alıyor ama üreticiye vade uyguluyor. 60 günü bulan bu vadeler tedarikçileri zor duruma sokuyor. Düzenlemeyle, vade süreleri kısalacak. Bozulabilir tarımsal ve gıda ürünlerinde 30 günü, diğer tarımsal gıdalarda ise 60 günü geçemeyecek. Market zincirleri, bozulabilir gıdalarda yaptıkları iptallerle bütün riski üreticilerin sırtına yüklüyor.
İhmallerinden kaynaklı kayıp ve bozuk mallara yönelik giderleri tedarikçiye yansıtıyor. Yapılacak düzenlemelerle zincir marketlerin iade faturası kesmelerinin önüne geçilecek. Sipariş iptalleri, belirli bir süre ve standarda bağlanacak.
RAF BEDELİ ALAMAYACAKLAR
Marketler, üreticilerin malını rafa koymak için çeşitli bedeller talep ediyor. Kendi pazarlama faaliyetleri kapsamında yaptıkları promosyon, reklam giderlerini de tedarikçiye yansıtıyor. Hatta ürünü rafa koyan eleman çalıştırdığı gerekçesiyle personel ücretini bile tedarikçiye ödetiyor. Yapılacak düzenlemelerle, marketler, üreticiden raf bedeli, personel ücreti veya gideri talep edemeyecek.
GRAMAJ HİLESİNE SON VERİLECEK
Marketlerin alım güçlerini fırsat bilerek tedarikçiler üzerinde baskı kurmalarını engelleyecek adımlar da atılacak. Özel markalı ürünlerde marketler, rekabeti hiçe sayarak, tedarikçiyi sıkıştırıyor, tüketiciyi de gramaj hileleriyle aldatıyor. Üreticiden özel paketli ürün istiyor. Ambalaj aynı ancak gramajı daha düşük olan ürünler 'indirimli' gibi gösterilerek raflara konuluyor.
Rekabet Kurumu münhasırlık sözleşmelerini kaldırarak bunun önüne geçmeyi planlıyor. Bu çerçevede, tek alıcı/tek satıcılı anlaşmalar değerlendirilecek. Belli tip ürün ve ambalajların sadece bir market için üretilmesini sağlayan anlaşmalar Rekabet Kurulu tarafından yasaklanabilecek.
BİR MAHALLEDE BİR ZİNCİR
Rekabet Kurumu, ilçe bazında yapılan pazar tanımlarını da değiştirecek. Daha dar coğrafi pazar tanımı yapılacak. Böylece, özellikle market zincirlerinin birleşme ve devralma analizleri yapılırken, 2 hatta 1 kilometre içinde aynı market zincirinin ikinci bir yer açmasına izin verilmeyecek.
ÇİN SEDDİ UYGULAMASI GETİRİLECEK
Marketler tedarikçilerine özel markalı ürünler ürettirerek hem üretici hem de satıcı oluyor. Böylece üreticilerin hassas bilgilerine de erişebiliyor. Tedarikçilerden elde edilen ticari sırlar, çoğu zaman marketlerce kötüye kullanılıyor.
Rekabet Kurumu, marketlerin özel markalı ve üretici markalı satın alma birimlerinin tamamen ayrıştırılmasını öngören 'Çin Seddi' uygulamasını getirecek. Böylece, market zincirinin tedarikçinin hassas bilgilerini kullanarak haksız rekabet avantajı elde etmesi önlenecek. Çin Seddi olarak tabir edilen uygulamalarla bilgi paylaşımı kısıtlamalarına gidilecek.
YEREL ZİNCİRLER KORUNACAK
Büyük marketler karşısında çaresiz kalan yerel marketlerle ilgili de düzenlemeler yapılması planlanıyor. Buna göre, yerel marketlerin daha uygun fiyatlarla ürün almasını sağlayacak alım birlikleri teşvik edilecek. Böylece Rekabet Kurulu muafiyet getirecek. Yerel marketlerin özel markalı ürün üretmeleri de teşvik edilecek.
BÜYÜKLER PAZARI ELE GEÇİRDİ
Rekabet Kurumu'nun hazırladığı rapor, büyük marketlerin pazardaki hakimiyetini gözler önüne seriyor. Buna göre, 2010'da ilk dört marketin sektör içindeki payı yüzde 26 iken, 2019 yılı sonu itibarıyla yüzde 74'e çıktı.
Büyük marketlerin pazar payı artarken, istihdamda da öncü olan yerel ve küçük marketler pazar kaybetti. Büyük marketlerin pazar paylarındaki yükseliş ürün tedarikçileri üzerinde de alım gücü baskısı yarattı. Bu durum pazardaki rekabeti olumsuz etkiledi.
BAĞIMSIZ KURUM KURULSUN
Rekabet Kurumu'nun raporunda perakendecilerin alım güçlerini kötüye kullanılmalarını engellemek ve pazardaki rekabetçi yapıyı güçlendirmek için yasal düzenleme yapılması gerektiğine dikkat çekildi. Pazarı denetlemek için de bağımsız bir kurum kurulması istendi.
AY SONUNDA SORUŞTURMA BİTİYOR
Rekabet Kurumu'nun aralarında büyük marketlerin de bulunduğu 29 teşebbüs hakkındaki soruşturması da ay sonunda tamamlanıyor. Geçen yıl başlatılan soruşturmada, 29 teşebbüsün 4054 sayılı Rekabetin Korunması Hakkında Kanun'u ihlal edip etmedikleri incelendi.
Teşebbüslerden bazılarının özellikle fahiş fiyat artışı davranışlarının rekabet hukukunu ihlal eder nitelikte olabileceğine dair ciddi ölçüde kanaate varıldı. 29 teşebüsün savunmaları istenecek.
FAHİŞ FİYAT SAVUNMASI 10 GÜNDEN 7 GÜNE İNDİ
Vatandaşın ucuz gıda tüketmesi ve fiyat artışının önüne geçilmesi için denetim başta olmak alınan tedbirlere dün de bir yenisi eklendi. Ticaret Bakanlığı'nca fahiş fiyat artışı denetimlerinde asgari savunma süresi 10 günden 7 güne düşürüldü. Mevcut uygulamada, üretici, tedarikçi ve perakende işletmelerinin savunması alınmadan kurul tarafından idari para cezası kararı uygulanamıyor. Yeni düzenlemeyle fahiş fiyat için istenen savunmanın yapılmaması para cezasını engellemeyecek. Son 20 günde yapılan denetimlerde 250'ye yakın firmaca satılan bin 150 üründe fahiş fiyat tespit edildi. Verilen 7 günlük sürede savunmasını yapmayan bu firmalara para cezası verilecek.
DENETİMLER SIKILAŞTIRILDI
Fiyat denetimleri sıkılaştırılırken, gıda fiyatlarını etkileyen, yem, lojistik, aracılık ücretleri gibi maliyetler de yakından takip ediliyor. Ticaret Bakanlığı'nca son 20 günde yapılan denetimlerde 4 bin 300 firmada 50 bine yakın ürün denetlendi. 4 bin 300 firmanın 250'unda bin 150 üründe fahiş fiyat tespit edildi. Denetimlerde yüzde 2.3 civarında üründe fahiş fiyat belirlenirken, fahiş fiyat arıtışına giden firmalardan savunmaları alındı. Gıdada zamların önüne geçmek için Haksız Fiyat Değerlendirme Kurulu Yönetmeliği'nde de değişikliğe gidildi. Düzenlemeyle Kurul'un üretici, tedarikçi ve perakende işletmelerine savunmasını almadan idari para cezası vermesinin önü açıldı, Kurul'un görev tanımı değişti. Yönetmeliğin eski halinde görev, "denetim ve incelemelere ilişkin üretici, tedarikçi ve perakende işletmenin savunmasını almak" şeklinde tanımlanıyordu. Yeni halinde ise 'gerekli hallerde' savunma alınacağı hükme bağlandı.
KAREKOD TAKİBİ GELİYOR
Ticaret Bakanlığı fahiş fiyat uygulayanları tespit için Ürün Takip Sistemi'nde 'karekod' uygulamasına geçiyor. Bu sistem sayesinde karekodlu etiket okutarak gramajı, fiyat süreçleri, son kullanma tarihi, imalat gibi bütün ayrıntılar görülebilecek. Hal Kayıt Sistemi ile de sebze-meyvenin üreticiden tüketiciye ulaşıncaya kadar olan tüm aşamaları takip edilecek.
SAĞLIKLI ARZ VE REKOLTE TAHMİNLERİ
TARIM ürünlerinde arz ve rekolte tahminlerinin sağlıklı yapılabilmesine imkân veren bir erken uyarı sistemi güçlendiriliyor. Ürün Gözetim Mekanizması ile gıda ürünlerinde fiyat dalgalanmasının büyük veri ve ileri analitik yöntemleri kullanılarak yakından takip edilecek. Merkez Bankası erken uyarı sistemi konusunda yapılan çalışmalara daha fazla katkı verecek. Sistem hem üretim hem toptan hem de perakende aşamasında bütün zincirin anlık takibi, burada oluşan bilgi ile verilerin ilgili kurumlara anlık raporlanması ve kararların da alınmasını sağlıyor. Veri ve bilgi arttıkça karar alma etkinliğini de artıracak.