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Müslümanlar Kur'an ayı olan ramazana girmenin sevincini yaşıyor. Ramazan ayı nda en çok sorulan sorular arasında yer alan Oruca nasıl niyet edilir ? Sahura kalkmak niyet sayılır mı? Sahurda oruca niyet etmeyi unutursak ne olur? Oruç tutmak için ne denilir ? yer almaktadır. " Niyet ettim Allah (c.c.) rızası için bugünkü Ramazan orucunu tutmaya " şeklinde yapılan niyet en efdal olan niyettir. Herhangi bir oruç için niyet ederken gün belirlemeden yani "Bugünkü orucu tutmaya" derken bugün kelimesini kullanmadan edilen niyetlerde caizdir. Oruç ile ilgili hadislerinde Peygamber Efendimiz (sav) buyuruyor ki: "Adem oğlunun her ameli katlanır. Bir iyilik yedi yüz misline kadar katlanabilir. Yalnız oruç müstesna. Çünkü onun mükafatını Allah verecektir. Peki nasıl oruç tutulur ?
Oruca nasıl niyet edilir?
" Niyet ettim Allah (c.c.) rızası için bugünkü Ramazan orucunu tutmaya " şeklinde yapılan niyet en efdal olan niyettir. Herhangi bir oruç içinniyet ederken gün belirlemeden yani "Bugünkü orucu tutmaya" derken bugün kelimesini kullanmadan edilen niyetlerde caizdir. Ramazan ayı içerisinde farz olan Ramazan orucu dışında hiçbir oruca niyet edilmez. Çünkü farz orucun zamanında başka oruç tutulmaz. İslam alimlerinin görüşlerine göre Ramazan ayının 30 günlük orucuna bir seferde niyet edilmez. Her oruç için ayrı niyet edilmelidir.
Orucun Çeşitlerine Göre Niyet Nasıl Yapılır?
Nafile oruç: Niyet ettim Allah (c.c.) rızası için nafile oruç tutmaya.
Kaza orucu: Niyet ettim Allah (c.c.) rızası için en son kazaya kalan Ramazan orucunun kazasını tutmaya.
Kefaret orucu: Niyet ettim Allah (c.c.) rızası için kefaret orucumu tutmaya.
Adak orucu: Niyet ettim Allah (c.c.) rızası için üzerime almış olduğum adak orucumu tutmaya.
Unutarak yemek içmek orucu bozmaz. Hz. Peygamber (S.A.V.), "Bir kimse oruçlu olduğunu unutarak yer, içerse orucunu tamamlasın, bozmasın. Çünkü onu, Allah yedirmiş, içirmiştir." (Buhârî, Savm, 26) buyurmuştur. Unutarak yiyip içen kimse, oruçlu olduğunu hatırlarsa hemen ağzındakileri çıkarıp ağzını yıkamalı ve orucuna devam etmelidir. Oruçlu olduğu hatırlandıktan sonra mideye bir şey inerse, oruç bozulur.
DİŞ MACUNUN BOĞAZA KAÇMASI ORUCU BOZAR MI?
Boğaza su kaçırmadan ağzı su ile çalkalamak orucu bozmadığı gibi diş fırçalamakla da oruç bozulmaz. Bununla birlikte, diş macununun veya suyun boğaza kaçması hâlinde oruç bozulur.
KENDİ İSTEĞİYLE KUSARSA ORUÇ BOZULUR MU?
Miktarı ne olursa olsun kendiliğinden gelen kusuntu orucu bozmaz. Aynı şekilde mideden ansızın ağza yükselip tekrar mideye dönen şeyler de oruca zarar vermez. Kişinin kendi isteği ile ağız dolusu kusması hâlinde ise oruç bozulur.
ANESTESİ YAPILMASI ORUCU BOZAR MI?
Anestezi, nefes yolu veya iğne ile vücuda ilaç verilerek oluşturulmaktadır. Nefes yolu veya iğne ile yapılan anestezi, mideye ulaşmadığı gibi, yeme-içme anlamı da taşımamaktadır. Ancak bölgesel ve genel anestezide, acil durumlarda ilaç ve sıvı vermek amacıyla damar yolu açılarak, bu açıklık işlem süresince serum vermek suretiyle sağlanmaktadır. Bu itibarla, lokal anestezi (sınırlı uyuşturma) orucun sıhhatine engel değildir. Bölgesel ve genel anestezide serum verildiği için oruç bozulur.
KAN ALDIRMAK ORUCU BOZAR MI?
Ramazan'da oruçlu iken kan verenin orucu bozulmaz. Vücuda kan almak ise, beslenme, gıda alma kapsamına girdiği için orucu bozar.
SUSUZ HAP YUTULURSA
Oruçlu bir kimse meşru bir mazaret olmaksızın gıda veya ilaç cinsinden bir şeyi ister su ile, ister susuz olarak yer veya içerse orucu bozulur.
ORUCU BOZMAYAN ŞEYLER NELERDİR?
1- Oruçlu olduğunu unutarak yiyip içmek,
2- Ağza gelen kusuntunun geri gitmesi,
3- Oksijen tüpüyle ilaçsız suni hava vermek,
4- Orucu bozmaya niyet edip de bozmamak,
5- İstemeyerek ağız dolusu kusmak,
6- İsteyerek, zorlayarak biraz kusmak,
7- Sahurda tokluk veren ilaçlar kullanmak,
8- Göze katı veya sıvı ilaç koymak veya ıslak lens takmak,
9- Gıybet etmek,
10- Rüyada ihtilam olmak,
11- Diş çukuruna ilaç koymak,
12- Çiçek, kolonya veya parfüm koklamak,
13- Morfinsiz, iğnesiz diş çektirmek,
14- Yutmadan yemeğin tadına bakmak,
15- Sakındığı halde toz ve dumanın boğazdan veya burundan içeri girmesi,
16- Diş çektirince gelen tükürükten az kanı yutmak,
17- Ağzını yıkadıktan sonra kalan yaşlığı tükürükle yutmak,
18- Dişler arasında kalan, nohuttan küçük olan şeyi yutmak,
19- Hacamat olmak, kan aldırmak, akupunktur kullanmak,
20- Kulağa su kaçması,
21- Misvak kullanmak, macunsuz diş fırçalamak (Macunlu fırçalamakla da oruç bozulmaz fakat mekruh olur. Macun yutulursa oruç bozulur, kaza gerekir.),
22- Gusletmek, banyo yapmak,
23- İdrar yoluna pamuk koymak (Şâfiî'de bozar.),
24- Sağlam deriye ilaç, krem sürmek, her çeşit yakı, sigara bandı, tokluk bandı koymak,
25- Yaraya imsak vaktinden önce konan sıvı ilacın, imsak vaktinden sonra emilmesi,
26- Yaradan çıkan kan, irin ve benzerlerinin tekrar içeri girmesi,
27- Arı sokması,
28- Dudaktaki yaşlığı yutmak,
29- Banyoda oluşan su buharını teneffüs etmek,
30- Ele iğne batıp kırığının içinde kalması,
31- Kulağa pamuklu çubuk sokmak (Şâfiî'de bozar.),
32- Kanayan yere, kanın durması için kan taşı sürmek,
33- Ağza gelen yemeği, balgamı, kusmuğu veya baştan buruna gelen akıntıyı yutmak,
34- Bel soğukluğu hastalığından dolayı akıntı gelmesi,
35- Evi haşere için ilaçlayan, ister istemez ilacı teneffüs etse de orucu bozulmuş olmaz; çünkü sakınmak zordur,
36- Kulağa sabunlu su kaçırması,
37- Ağza su alıp çalkalamak veya ağzı yıkadıktan sonra ağızda kalan yaşlığı tükürükle yutmak,
38- Hanımını öpenin orucu, meni gelse de bozulmaz. Öperken şehvetlenip cünüp olursa bozulur (Cünüp olma ihtimali varsa, hanımını öpmesi mekruh olur. Orucu bozacak derecede çok öperse haram işlemiş olur. Çünkü orucu mazeretsiz bozmak haramdır. Ama öperek cünüp olunca kaza gerekir, kefaret gerekmez.),
39- Akupunktur kullanmak orucu bozmaz. Akupunkturun sadece iğnesi giriyor, vücudun içine bir şey zerk edilmiyor,
40- Çatlak dudağa veya eldeki yarığa krem, tentürdiyot, kolonya veya oksijenli su sürmek (Açık yaraya sürülen merhemin, içeri sızdığı iyi bilinmedikçe orucu bozmadığı, S. Ebediyye'de bildirilmektedir. İyi bilmek, zanla olmaz. Kesin bilmek gerekir. Kesin bilinmeyince bozar denilemez.),
41- İğneli epilasyon yaptırmak orucu bozmaz. İçeriye ilaç gibi bir şey girmedikçe, vücuda iğne batırmak orucu bozmaz. İğneli epilasyonda içeriye ilaç girmiyor. Sadece iğne, kıl folikülüne sokularak akım veriliyor,
42- Kaş, bıyık aldırmak, etek tıraşı olmak ve epilasyon orucu bozmaz,
43- Oruçlunun ağzına gözyaşı veya ter girerse, bir iki damla gibi azsa, orucunu bozmaz, çünkü bundan korunmak zordur. Çok olur da tuzluluğunu ağzının her yerinde duyar ve yutarsa orucu bozulur. Yutmayıp tükürürse bozulmaz,
ORUCU BOZAN VE KAZAYI GEREKTİREN DURUMLAR
Yolculuk, hastalık, ileri derecede yaşlılık gibi meşru bir mazerete dayalı olarak bozulan orucun, sadece kaza edilmesi gerekir. Ayrıca, kasıt olmaksızın yemek-içmek; beslenme amacı ve anlamı taşımayan, yenilip içilmesi mutat olmayan şeylerin tüketilmesi orucu bozar ve durum kazayı gerektirir.
Ramazanda bir mazeret olmaksızın tutulmayan oruc¸lar, günü gününe kaza edilir. Ancak mazeretsiz olarak Ramazan orucunu tutmamak büyük günah olup ayrıca bundan dolayı tövbe istigfarda bulunmak gerekir.
ORUÇ KEFARETİ NEDİR? ORUÇ KEFARETİ GEREKTİREN DURUMLAR
Oruç kefareti , Ramazan orucunun, mazeretsiz olarak bozulması sebebi ile bir ceza olarak, Ramazan dışında iki kameri ay veya altmış gün oruç tutmaktır. Meşru bir mazeret bulunmaksızın yemek içmek , cinsel ilişkide bulunmak orucu bozar ve bu şekilde bozulan orucun kaza edilmesi gerekir. Eğer bu şekilde bozulan oruç Ramazan oruçluysa kefaret orucu tutmayı gerektirir. Kefaret orucu tutmayan kişi bunun yerine 60 fakiri bir gün ya da bir fakiri 60 gün boyunca doyurmalıdır.
Kefaret orucu sırasında adet gören kadırlar oruca ara verirler. Adet dönemi biter bitmez ise kefaret orucuna devam ederek 60 günü tamamlamalıdırlar.
Şafii mezhebine göre mazeretsiz olarak Ramazan orucunun yeme-içme ile bozulması durumunda kefaret değil, sadece kaza gerekir.
ORUÇ TUTMANIN FAZİLETLERİ Oruç ile ilgili hadislerinde Peygamber Efendimiz (sav) buyuruyor ki: "Adem oğlunun her ameli katlanır. Bir iyilik yedi yüz misline kadar katlanabilir. Yalnız oruç müstesna. Çünkü onun mükafatını Allah verecektir. Oruçlu iken iki ferah vardır. Birincisi iftar zamanının sevinci, diğeri Rabbine ulaştığı zamanki sevinçtir" (Müslim) Allah buyurmuştur ki: "Oruçlu kimse benim rızam için yemesini, içmesini ve cinsi münasebetlerini bırakmıştır. Oruç doğrudan doğruya benim için yapılan (riya karışmayan) bir ibadettir. Onun mükafatını doğrudan doğruya ben veririm." (Buhari) "Kim mazeretsiz olarak Ramazan'da bir gün oruç yerse, ebediyen oruç tutsa da onu kaza etmiş olmaz." (Tirmizi) "Oruç sahibini koruyan bir kalkandır. Oruçlu kimse saygısızlık yapmasın, ahlaksızca konuşmasın. Eğer birisi kendisiyle dövüşmeye veya sövüşmeye kalkışırsa, iki defa, "Ben oruçluyum, ben oruçluyum" desin, Ona bulaşmasın."
" Cennette Reyyân denilen bir kapı vardır. Kıyamet günü Oruç tutanlar o kapıdan çağırılacaklardır. Kim oruç tutanlardan ise o kapıdan cennete girecektir. Kim de o kapıdan girerse ebedi olarak susuzluk çekmeyecektir."
-Ramazan ayı mübarek bir aydır. Allahü teâlâ, size ramazan orucunu farz kıldı. O ayda rahmet kapıları açılır, Cehennem kapıları kapanır, şeytanlar bağlanır. O ayda bir gece vardır ki, bin aydan daha kıymetlidir. O gecenin [Kadir gecesinin] hayrından mahrum kalan, her hayırdan mahrum kalmış sayılır.) [Nesai]
-(Oruç tutan müminin susması tesbih, uykusu ibadet, duası müstecap ve amelinin sevabı da çoktur.) [Deylemi]
-(Allah yolunda bir gün oruç tutanı, Allahü teâlâ yetmiş yıllık mesafe kadar cehennemden uzaklaştırır.) [Buhari]
"Cennette bir kapı vardır ki buna reyyan derler. Kıyamet gününde buradan oruçlular girecektir. Müteakiben bu kapı kapanacak başka kimse alınmayacaktır." (Müslim)
Oruç bir kalkandır. Oruçlu kötü söz söylemesin. Oruçlu kendisi ile dalaşmak isteyene iki defa ben oruçluyum desin. Cenab-ı Hak'ka yemin ederim ki oruçlunun açlık kokusu, Allah indinde misk kokusundan daha temizdir.
ORUÇ TUTMANIN FAYDALARI NELERDİR? -Oruç tutmak hem ruhsal hem de bedensel sağlık için faydalıdır. -Ruhsal olumsuzlukları giderir, erken yaşlanmayı geciktirir. -Sabrı ve şükretmeyi öğretir. -Şevkat ve merhamet aşılar. -Hafızayı kuvvetlendirirken kanseri önler. -Sindirim organlarının dinlenmesini sağlar.
İFTAR DUASI
"Allah'ım! Senin için oruç tuttum, sana inandım, sana dayandım, senin verdiğin rızkla orucumu açtım. Yarının orucuna da niyet ettim, benim geçmiş ve gelecek günahlarımı bağışla.""Allah'ım! Bu günde oruç tutup ibadete durmam için bana yardımcı ol; bu günün sürçme ve günahlarından beni uzaklaştır; bu günde sürekli olarak seni zikretmeği bana nasip eyle; tevfikinle ey yolunu şaşanları hidayet eden!""Allah'ım! Bu günde bana huşu ehlinin itaatini nasip eyle; mütevazı insanlar gibi dönüş yapıp tövbe etmemle göğsümü genişlet; imanınla, ey korkanların imanı ve güveni!""Allah'ım! Bu günde beni hoşnutluğuna götürecek bir kılavuz kıl bana; bu gün Şeytan'ı bana ulaştıracak hiçbir yol bırakma; benim yerleşeceğim ve rahat edeceğim yeri cennet kıl; ey arayanların hacetlerini yerine getiren -Rabbim-!"
RAMAZAN AYINDA NELER YAPILIR?
Ramazan ayı birçok güzel amelin yapılacağı, Allah'ın rızasının kazanılacağı bir mevsim. Bu ayda Hz. Muhammed'in (S.A.V) müjdelediği birçok hayrın ve Salih amelin işleneceği günler var. İşte onlardan bir kaçı:
Oruç tutmak Geceleri Peygamber Efendimiz 'in sav sünneti olan teravih namazını kılmak Kur'an okumak Namazları cemaatle kılmak Sahur yapmak İftar ettirmek Kadir Gecesini aramak Sabretmek İhsan ve ikramda bulunmak Tövbe etmek Cenneti istemek Çokça Kelime-i Tevhid söylemek Ramazan umresi yapmak Açları doyurmak