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Jeofizik Yüksek Mühendisi Prof. Dr. Övgün Ahmet Ercan , son günlerde İstanbul 'da meydana gelebilecek olası deprem lere ilişkin yapılan açıklamalarla ilgili değerlendirmelerde bulundu. İstanbul depreminin tarihinin olmadığını söyleyen Ercan, "İstanbul'da deprem uyarıları 1999 yılından beri '3 gün içinde olur', 3 gün içinde olmayınca '3 ay içinde olacak', 3 ay içinde olmayınca '1 yıl içinde olacak', 1 yıl içinde olmayınca '3 yıl içinde olacak', daha sonra '10 yıl içinde olacak'. Ve en son gelen '4 yıl içinde olacak', '2018'de mutlaka olur' diye 2020 yılına kadar geldik. Depremden 21 yıl geçti.
Beklenen deprem olmadı bir türlü. Şimdi de yok 2024'te olacak, yok her an olabilir, yok 2029'da olabilir gibi yine bilimsel tabana dayanmayan kestirimler yapılıyor. Bu kestirimleri yapanların hiçbiri de jeofizik mühendisi değil. Çünkü deprem kestirimlerini jeofizik mühendisleri yapar. Ve bunlar basında yer alıyor. Bu büyük bir talihsizlik aslında. Çünkü insanlara bir korku pompalanıyor ki bunun bilimsel tabanı yok" dedi.
"İSTANBUL DEPREMİNİN BÜYÜKLÜĞÜ 6.4" Prof. Dr. Ercan, İstanbul 'da meydana gelecek olası bir deprem in büyüklüğünün 6.4 olacağını ifade ederek, şunları söyledi:
"Genel olarak 4 bin yıllık deprem geçmişine baktığımız zaman İstanbul'un olağan büyük depreminin büyüklüğü aşağı yukarı 6.4'tür. Bunu Kuzey Marmara olarak değerlendirmek ya da tam Marmara olarak değerlendirmek gerekiyor. Çünkü Marmara'nın neresinde deprem olursa olsun, 100 kilometre yarıçaplı bir alanda yıkıcı bir etkisi oluyor.
Sözün gelişi Gölcük'te 7.5 büyüklüğünde bir deprem oldu, bu depremin Gölcük'teki yıkım gücü 11'di. Ama Avcılar'daki yıkım gücü yaklaşık 9 oldu ve yapıları yıktı. Avcılar'ın Gölcük'ten uzaklığı 100 kilometreydi. Gölcük'te bir deprem oldu, oradan yaklaşık 120 kilometre ileride Adapazarı'nda öldürücü etkisi oldu.
Oysaki deprem orada olmadı. Son İzmir depreminde olduğu gibi deprem Sisam'da oldu 7 büyüklüğünde, geldi 78 kilometre ilerideki İzmir'deki Bayraklı'yı yıktı. Demek ki depremin ille de sizin olduğunuz yerde olması gerekmiyor, evinizin yıkılması ya da tehlike altında olması için.
Dolayısıyla Marmara bölgesinde size en az 100 kilometre ileride olacak bir deprem sizin depreminizdir. Dolayısıyla büyük İstanbul depremi, büyük Tekirdağ depremi diye konuşulan depremler aynı zaman Kocaeli'nin, aynı zamanda Yalova'nın, aynı zamanda Bursa'nın, Mudanya'nın, Gemlik'in, Bandırma'nın, Balıkesir'in, Çanakkale'nin, Tekirdağ'ın depremleridir. Bunu böyle algılamak gerekiyor. Yani beklenti sadece İstanbul ve Tekirdağ için değil, tüm Marmara çevresi için bir yıkım beklentisi olması gerekiyor. Bunun önemli tarafı ne? Türkiye'de hiçbir yer Marmara'nın çevresinde bulunduğu kadar yoğun bir nüfusa sahip değil. Ayrıca İstanbul'da yaklaşık kilometrekare başına 2 bin 568 kişi düşüyor. Marmara ortalamasına baktığımız zaman kilometrekareye yaklaşık bin 500 kişi düşüyor. Türkiye ortalamasına baktığımız zaman 86 kişi. Demek ki birim alanda oturan insan sayısı, birim alanda bulunan konut sayısı Marmara'da çok yoğun. En yoğun olduğu yer de İstanbul. İzmit'in bulunduğu kesim, yani birim alandaki yoğunluklar. Birim alanda yoğunluk ne kadar çoksa yıkım da o denli fazla olacaktır."
"7.2'DEN BÜYÜK DEPREMLER 570 YILDA BİR OLUR" Marmara'da her 30 yılda bir yaklaşık 6.2 büyüklüğünde deprem in olduğunu söyleyen Prof. Dr. Övgün Ahmet Ercan , "Yine Marmara'da her 104 yılda bir 6.3 ile 6.7 arasında bir deprem olur. Marmara'da yaklaşık 7.2'den daha büyük olan depremler ise yaklaşık 570 yılda bir olur. Dolayısıyla bizim Gölcük'te görmüş olduğumuz 7.5 büyüklüğündeki bir depremin yeniden Marmara'da yineleme olasılığı yok denecek kadar azdır. O nedenle Marmara'da 7.6'lık bir deprem bekleniyor demenin 4 bin yıllık Marmara'nın deprem davranışıyla herhangi bir ilintisi yoktur. Kaldı ki eğer Marmara'da 7'den daha büyük bir deprem olsaydı bugünkü Eminönü yarımadasında ne Ayasofya ayakta kalırdı, ne Kızkulesi ayakta kalırdı, ne Bozdağan Valens Kemeri ayakta kalırdı, ne Süleymaniye Camisi, ne Fatih Camisi, ne Beyazıt Camisi, ne Sultanahmet Camisi, eski eserlerin hiçbiri ayakta kalmazdı.
Oysaki bunların hepsi ayakta, İstanbul surları dahil. Bunlar depremlerin tanıklarıdır. Demek ki İstanbul'un bulunduğu kesimde çok büyük depremler olmamıştır. Neden olmamıştır İstanbul'un içinde? Çünkü orada yaklaşık 2 kilometre kalınlığında bir magma yaklaşımı vardır. Tam İstanbul Boğazı'nın bulunduğu yerde ve Suriçi'nin bulunduğu kesimde yer kabuğunun kırılma direnci 6 milyar cigatondan daha büyüktür. İşte o nedenle 99 depreminde bir taraftan Gölcük'ten başlayıp Kaynaşlı'ya doğru giden kırık diğer taraftan ise Gölcük'ten başlayıp Karamürsel üzerinden Yalova, oradan Çınarcık, oradan Esenköy'e kadar gitmiştir. Bir dal da çıkmıştır oradan. Tıpkı balkı kılçığı gibi. Bir tanesi Çınarcık çukurunun kuzeyinden yaklaşık Sivriada'ya kadar kırmıştır, bir dal da yine bu ana koldan çıkarak Tuzla üzerinden Pendik, Kartal, oradan Maltepe, oradan Bostanlı'ya kadar kırmıştır.
Adalar tam bunun ikisinin arasında kalmıştır. Eğer devam etseydi bu kırılma, bir taraftan Fenerbahçe burnundan kasrın içine girecekti, tam Sarayburnu'na bulunduğu kesimden, bir taraftan da tam Küçükçekmece'nin önünden bir dönerek Avcılar önünden Büyükçekmece'ye doğru doğu-batı doğrultusunda kırılacaktı. Gidememesinin ana nedeni tam İstanbul'un önünde yer kabuğunun kırılmaya karşı direncinin çok büyük olması. O nedenle devam edemedi, orada kaldı" diye konuştu.
"MARMARA ŞU AN ÇOK YORGUN" Marmara Bölgesi'nin şu anda çok yorgun olduğunu söyleyen Prof. Dr. Ercan, "Marmara şu anda çok yorgun. Burayı kırabilmesi için yeniden bir gerginlik biriktirmesi gerekiyor. O gerginlik biriktirmesi doğudan her yıl gelen gerginliğin birikme hızına bağlı olarak değişiyor. Burada Ercan algoritması dediğim bir algoritmaya baktığım zaman bu gerginliğin birikebilmesi için, yani 6 milyar cigatona ulaşıp gelişip bu kabuğu kırabilmesi için en az 2045 yılına kadar beklemek gerekiyor.
Eğer düzgün bir dağılım olursa. Eğer bu gerginlik birikmesi yeterli değilse 2075 yılına kadar deprem gecikebilir. 21 yıldır birileri her an deprem olabilir diyor ama 21 yıldır da ben 'hayır her an deprem olamaz, olması için yeterli bir güç toplanmamıştır' diyorum. Zaman beni doğruladı hep. Zaman birçok kimseyi yanılttı. Belki arkadaşlarımızın buradan demek istediği deprem uyarısı yapmak. Ama yanlış deprem uyarısı yapmak ülkenin ekonomisini sarsar, o ülkeye yatırım gelmez. O ülkedeki yerli yatırımcılar da yatırımlarını Romanya gibi, Bulgaristan gibi, Ukrayna gibi, Rusya gibi farklı yerlere kaydırırlar. Yani ülke ekonomisi etkilenir. Ülkenin aynı zamanda turizmi de etkilenir" dedi.
"EKONOMİYE DARBE VURMAMAK GEREKİYOR" Prof. Dr. Ercan, Sisam'da 7 büyüklüğünde deprem meydana geldiğini hatırlatarak, "Sisam'da 7 büyüklüğünde bir deprem oldu Yunanlılar, Yunanistan'da deprem oldu demediler. Ama hemen biz sahip çıktık, deprem bizde olmamasına karşın İzmir depremi dedik bu depreme. Oysa İzmir'de deprem olmamıştı.
Yani biraz konuşurken birinin ölçeğini iyi ayarlamak, toplumu sinir hastası yapmamak ve ekonomiye darbe vurmamak gerekiyor. Deprem bilimcilerinin daha ölçülü konuşması gerekiyor. Deprem konusu televizyonlara, gazetelere konu olacak bir konu değil. Çünkü deprem konusundaki değişiklikler en az 10 yıl ile 100- 200 yıl arasında olur. Ama Türkiye'de deprem haberleri veya deprem kestirimleri bilimsel tabanlara dayanmayan biz buna hissikablelvuku diyoruz.
Türkçesi içime öyle doğdu öyle konuşuyorum. Çünkü konuşulan da yanlış, anlatılan hiçbir şeyin sorumluluğu yok. Türkiye'de bir kişinin deprem kestirmesi yapabilmesi için mutlaka ve mutlaka jeofizik mühendisi olup deprem bilimi dersini de almış olması gerekiyor. Büyük deprem geliyor diyenlerin hiçbiri jeofizik mühendisi değil maalesef" dedi.
"İSTANBUL'U HAZIRLAMAK GEREKİYOR" Türkiye 'de son 21 yılda deprem le ilgili çok şeyler yapıldığını ifade eden Ercan, "Neler yapmak gerekiyor? İstanbul'u hazırlamak gerekiyor. Şimdi İstanbul hazırlamak için büyük deprem geliyor demeye gerek yok. 21 yılda çok şeyler yapıldı. Sadece İstanbul değil Türkiye'nin birçok kentinde çok şeyler yapıldı. Her 5 yapıdan biri yerden gelen sorunla yıkılır, her 5 yapıdan biri, 4 tanesi ise kötü yapılaşmalar nedeniyle yıkılıyor. Sadece yapıdan karot alarak veya sadece yapı için güçlendirme önlemleri yaparak o yapı depremden korunamaz.
Hem yerin hem yapının güçlendirilmesi gerekiyor. İstanbul'da 1 milyon 800 bin tane yapı vardır. İstanbul birçok Avrupa kentinden daha büyüktür. O nedenle böyle sihirli değneği böyle pat diye koyarak İstanbul'daki yapıları birden güçlendirme olasılığı ne yazık ki yoktur. Yavaş yavaş bu işin kentsel dönüşümü anlamı içinde inşaat, jeofizik mühendisleri, mimar, şehir planlamacıları bunlar bir araya gelip hem yer konusunda hem de nitelikli yapı konusunda sağlıklı, güvenli atılımlar yapmak gerekiyor" diye konuştu.