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Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi (MCBÜ ) Tıp Fakültesi Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları, Halk Sağlığı ve Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı öğretim elemanları tarafından yürütülen 'SARS CoV-2 İnaktif (Sinovac-Coronavac) Aşısının Bağışıklık Yanıtı ' konusundaki bilimsel çalışma tamamlandı. Yürütülen çalışma, MCBÜ Bilimsel Araştırma Fonu Desteği ile, Türkiye'de geniş ölçekte kullanılan SARS-CoV-2 inaktif Sinovac (Coronavac ) aşısının antikor oluşturma yetkinliği konusunda yapıldı ve Türkiye'de sonuçları açıklanan ilk kapsamlı çalışmalardan biri olma özelliğini taşıyor. Çalışmada, SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Dikensi ) proteininde virüsün insan hücrelerine bağlandığı bölgeye (RBD ) karşı oluşan nötralizan antikorlar kantitatif ve kalitatif olmak üzere iki farklı testle saptandı.
ÇALIŞMA 1053 SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANI ÜZERİNDE DENENDİ
Manisa CBÜ hastanesi gönüllü sağlık çalışanları üzerinde yürütülen, Manisa CBÜ Tıp Fakültesi Etik Kurulu tarafından onaylanan bir aşı antikor yanıtı çalışması olan araştırmanın verileri 11 Ocak - 18 Mart 2021 tarihleri arasında toplandı ve aşılama öncesi tüm katılımcılara antikor testi yapılarak, SARS- CoV-2 antikoru saptanmayan 1053 kişi çalışmaya alındı. Yapılan araştırmada tüm sağlık çalışanlarının birinci aşıdan en az 28 gün sonra (939 katılımcıdan ) ve ikinci aşıdan en az 28 gün sonra (771 katılımcıdan ) elde edilen özet sonuçlar ise şu şekilde açıklandı:
"Genel bulgular: 1. aşıdan en az 28 gün sonra bağışıklık yüzdesi yüzde 25.3 (Yüzde 95 GA: 22.5 - 28.1), 2. aşıdan en az 28 gün sonra Nötralizan (Kantitatif) testi bağışıklığı yüzde 97.92 (Yüzde 95 GA: 96.91 - 98.93) 2. aşıdan en az 28 gün sonra Nötralizan (Kalitatif) testi bağışıklığı yüzde 97.79 (yüzde 95 GA: 96.75 - 98.23) olarak belirlendi. "
ARAŞTIRMAYI YAPAN UZMANLAR KONUŞTU
Manisa CBÜ Tıp Fakültesi Tıbbı Mikrobiyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı Başkanı Prof. Dr. Sinem Akçalı, "Biz bu araştırmamızda Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri fonu desteğiyle bugün Türkiye'de geniş ölçekte kullanıma giren halk arasında 'Çin aşısı' olarak bilinen inaktif Covid-19 aşısının antikor oluşturma yetkinliğini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Aşının oluşturduğu antikor yetkinliğini saptamanın yanı sıra bir diğer amacımız da sağlık çalışanlarında aşının oluşturduğu antikor düzeylerinin ne kadar süreyle devam ettirdiğini takip etmeyi planladık. Bu nedenle aşı antikor düzeylerini araştırmak için bize sayısal olarak değer verebilecek kitleri tercih ettik. Sağlık çalışanlarından toplanan kanlardan araştırmamızı yaptık. Ancak bu saptayacağımız antikorların aynı zamanda nötralizan antikor denilen ve kişileri Covid-19 ile hastalanmaktan koruyacak virüsün hücreye girişini engelleyen antikorlar olup olmadığını görmek için de bir diğer nötralizasyon testi dediğimiz bir başka testle de aşılanmış bireylerden toplanan kanları çalıştık. Daha sonra her iki test sonuçlarını bulduğumuz değerler üzerinden değerlendirdik. Bu çalışma Türkiye'de sonuçları açıklanan ilk kapsamlı çalışmalardan biri olarak kayıtlara geçti " diye konuştu.
"KADINLARDA ANTİKOR ÜRETME ORANI DAHA YÜKSEK"
Manisa CBÜ Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı Dr. Öğretim Üyesi Şebnem Şenol Akar, "Çalışmamıza başlangıçta 1053 kişi daha önce hastalığı geçirmemiş ve antikoru negatif olan sağlık çalışanları katıldı. 1053 kişinin öncelikle hastalığı geçirmediği yaptığımız antikor testleriyle kanıtlamış olduk. Birinci aşının ardından ikinci aşıdan önce bir kan aldık. Bu kan alımında antikor düzeylerini saptadık. İkinci aşıdan en az 28 gün sonra ikinci kanlarımızı topladık. Bu durumda birinci aşıdan sonra 900'ün üzerindeki sağlık çalışanında, ikinci aşıdan 28 gün sonra da 771 sağlık çalışanında kanlarımızı topladık. Çalışmanın sonucunda gördüğümüz önemli durumlardan bir tanesi nötrolizan antikor ve titreyle baktığımız antikor sonuçlarının uyumlu olmasıydı. Birinci aşıdan sonra antikor geliştirme oranı yüzde 25'te kaldı. İkinci aşıdan sonra antikor geliştirme oranı yüzde 97'nin de üzerine çıktı. Bu da demek oluyor ki birinci aşıdan sonra yeterli bağışıklık oluşmamakta, ikinci aşıdan sonra toplumun büyük bir kısmında bağışıklığını oluşturmuş durumdayız '' dedi.
Akar, şöyle devam etti:
"Antikor geliştirme oranı her iki cinsiyette de yeterli ve anlamlı bir düzeyde olmakla birlikte kadınlarda bir miktar daha yüksek antikor düzeyi saptadığımız doğrudur. Erkeklerde yüzde 97, kadınlarda yüzde 99 oranında bir antikor geliştirme oranı söz konusuydu. Bu oranı bir miktar cinsiyetle farklılık gösterebilir. Bunun kesinlikle cinsiyetle ilişkili olup olmadığını istatiksel alt değerlendirmeler sonuçlandığında söylemek daha doğru olacaktır. Burada vurgulamamız gereken şey bir doz aşının asla yeterli olmayacağı, muhakkak ikinci dozun olunması gerektiği, koruyuculuğun bu şekilde oluşabileceğini söylememiz çok önemli. "
Akar, kurallarda dikkat edilmesi gerektiğine dikkat çekerek, "Çalışmamızda göstermiş olduğumuz yüksek antikor düzeyleri hastalıktan yüzde 100 korunacak oldukları anlamına gelmemektedir. Kesinlikle kişisel korunma önlemlerini aralık vermeden devam etmemiz gerekiyor. Maske kullanımına, kişisel mesafe kurallarına dikkat edilmesi mutlaka gerekiyor. Kapalı ortamlardan korunma, böyle ortamlarda maskemizi çıkarmama gibi önemli konulara dikkati çekmemiz gerekiyor " diye konuştu.
Aşının yan etkileri üzerinde de çalışma yaptıklarını ifade eden Akar, "Hastalığı geçirmektense aşılı olmak çok daha güvenli. Tereddütleri azaltmak amacıyla biz bu çalışmamızda yan etkileri de yakından takip ettik. Yan etkilerin son derece az olduğunu gözlemledik. Özellikle yüzde 25'in altında sadece aşı yerinde ağrı gibi ya da baş ağrısı gibi çok az yan etkiler görüldüğünü gözlemledik. Yüzde 1'in altında hastaneye başvurmayı gerektirecek ciddiyette yan etkiler olduğunu gözlemledik. Bu da aşının son derece güvenli olduğunu gösteren önemli bir kanıt " ifadelerini kullandı.
Çalışmaya, Dr. Öğr. Görevlisi Şebnem Şenol Akar, Prof. Dr. Sinem Akçalı, Prof. Dr. Erhan Eser, Prof. Dr. Pınar Dündar, Prof. Dr. Beyhan C. Özyurt, Dr. Öğretim Görevlisi Deniz Özer, Dr. Yunus Özkaya, Dr. Merve Gezginci, Dr. Gülizar Deniz ve Uzman Hemşire Ferya Karadağ Yalçın'ın araştırmacı olarak katıldı.