Sabancı Üniversitesi Öğretim Üyesi Dr. Adam McConnel, Başkan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan ve ABD Başkanı Joe Biden'ın, G-20 zirvesi kapsamında gerçekleştirdikleri görüşmenin ardından Türkiye-ABD ilişkilerini değerlendirdi.
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Sabancı Üniversitesi Öğretim Üyesi Dr. Adam McConnel, Başkan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan ve ABD Başkanı Joe Biden'ın, G-20 zirvesi kapsamında gerçekleştirdikleri görüşmenin ardından Türkiye-ABD ilişkilerini değerlendirdi.
"[Raskolnikov] ateşler içinde sayıklarken gördüğü düşleri anımsamaya başlamıştı. Sanki tüm dünya, korkunç, daha önce duyulmamış ve eşi benzeri görülmemiş ölümcül bir salgınla yok olmaya mahkum edilmişti. İnsan bedenine yerleşen birtakım küçük kurtlar, mikroskobik yaratıklar türemişti... İçine girdikleri insanları hemen şeytana çeviriyor, delirtiyorlardı. Ancak bu mikrobu kapan insanlar kendilerini hiçbir zaman hissetmedikleri kadar zeki, akıllı hissediyorlardı. Verdikleri kararların, bilimsel araştırmaların ve ahlak anlayışlarının doğruluğundan hiçbir zaman böylesine emin olmamışlardı.[1]"
Başkan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan ve ABD Başkanı Joe Biden'ın geçen hafta sonu yaptıkları görüşmenin ardından oluşan genel kanı, tansiyonun düştüğü yönünde. Biden, Başkan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan'ı tuhaf bir asker selamıyla karşıladı. Taraflar müzakere masasında rahat görünüyordu. Görüşmenin ardından her iki taraftan yapılan açıklamalarda herhangi bir gerginlik emaresi bulunmuyordu. Başkan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan'ın, Türkiye'ye dönerken uçakta gazetecilere yaptığı açıklamalar da ihtiyatlı bir iyimserlik taşıyordu. Sonraki günlerde ise dikkatler, ABD'nin, ikili ilişkileri zora sokan birçok konuya çözüm üretecek "çatışmayı önleme" mekanizmasının kurulmasına yönelik yaptığı teklife yoğunlaştı.
Söz konusu mekanizma ile bir sonuç alınıp alınamayacağına dair görüşler, şu aşamada salt spekülasyondan öteye geçmiyor. Bu mekanizmanın -ABD'nin Suriye'de yaptığına benzer bir şekilde- bir başka erteleme taktiği olabileceğinden şüphe etmemek elde değil. Son 10 yıldaki gelişmeler ışığında ve Washington ile ABD basınındaki güncel durum da göz önüne alındığında, bu gelişmeler çözüme dair çok az ümit vadediyor. Biden, görünüşe göre Türkiye'ye F-16 satışını Kongre'de onaylatmanın yollarını bulabileceğine dair Başkan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan'a bir güvence verdi. Ancak bu, Kongre'de Demokratları zora sokan açmazlar nedeniyle pek gerçekçi görünmüyor. Kongre'de Demokratların içinde bulunduğu kritik durum, 2 Kasım 2021 tarihindeki seçim sonuçlarıyla daha da belirgin hale geldi.
ABD'NİN TÜRKİYE ALGISI GERÇEKLİKTEN UZAK
Hem Türkiye içinden hem yurt dışından birçok yorumcu, Türkiye-ABD ilişkilerini tartışırken mevcut karmaşadan iki tarafın da sorumlu olduğunu iddia ediyor. Ancak bu yaklaşım, Türk-Amerikan ilişkilerindeki sorunların ekseriyetinin, ABD'nin, NATO müttefiki Türkiye'nin çıkarlarını ve endişelerini anlayamaması ya da anlamak istememesinden kaynaklandığını kavrayamıyor.
Türkiye ile ilgili herhangi bir konuda neredeyse tüm ABD'li siyasetçiler, kurumlar ve medya organları, Raskolnikov'un yukarıda alıntılanan rüyasını anımsatan fantastik halüsinasyonlarda takılı kalmış durumda. Başkan Biden, Dışişleri Bakanı Antony Blinken ve Dışişleri Bakanlığı, Türkiye'nin iç işlerine karışmaya hakları olduğunu düşünüyorlar. ABD Savunma Bakanlığı (Pentagon) fütursuzca ve vicdan rahatlığıyla, ABD tarafından da terör örgütü olarak kabul edilen PKK'yı silahlandırabileceğine, eğitebileceğine, finanse edebileceğine ve bununla bir siyaset yürüttüğüne inanıyor.
Kongre'nin çeşitli üyeleri, Dış İlişkiler Komitesi Başkanı ve New Jersey Senatörü Demokrat Robert Menendez gibi önemli figürler, Türkiye söz konusu olduğunda akıl dışı hareket ediyor. New York Times başta olmak üzere Amerikan medyası, birçok yanlış bilgi ve çarpıtmayla Türkiye'yi ve Başkan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan'ı "yeni İslami tehdit" olarak lanse etmekte ısrar ediyor. Ancak öte taraftan yüzlerce Türk vatandaşının ölümünden sorumlu olan FETÖ terör örgütüne dalkavukluk yapmaktan geri durmuyorlar. Türkiye ile ilgili meselelerle uğraşan birçok Beltway'li uzman, zamanlarının çoğunu ABD kamuoyunda Türkiye ile ilgili dezenformasyon bataklığını genişletmeye, mümkünse derinleştirmeye yönelik içerik üretmek için harcıyor. Bu hummalı rüya neredeyse tamamen, soldan sağa tüm siyasi spektrumu kapsıyor.
Daha da kötüsü; ABD, kendi kendini kandırıyor ve diğer aktörlerin Türkiye ile ilgili bedhah tutumlarına olanak sağlıyor. Paris, Brüksel ve Atina; Putin, Esed ve Hafter; hiçbiri Türkiye'ye karşı tutumlarını değiştirmek konusunda bir baskı hissetmiyor. Zira ABD'nin kafa karışıklığının farkındalar. Bununla birlikte Sahra Afrikası, Balkanlar, Doğu Akdeniz, Kafkaslar, Orta Asya ve Afrika Boynuzu'na kadar geniş bir coğrafyada Türkiye'nin girişimleri haklı olmanın yanı sıra aynı zamanda bölge istikrarına ve ekonomik gelişmesine katkı sunan girişimler.
Örneğin, Türkiye Libya'ya müdahale etmeseydi şu an bölgede mevcut istikrar nasıl sağlanabilecekti? Oysa şu an ülkede gelecek ay seçimlerin düzenlenmesi bekleniyor. Dağlık Karabağ'da Azerbaycan'a Türk yardımı, Ermenilerin bu bölgedeki işgalini sona erdirdi. Bu işgali hiçbir uluslararası aktör meşru görmüyordu ve Minsk Grubu bünyesinde 30 yıldır yürütülen müzakereler adil bir çözüm bulmakta tamamen başarısız olmuştu. Şimdi, Sovyetler Birliği'nin dağılmasından sonra ilk defa Güney Kafkasya'da bölgesel barış ve ekonomik kalkınma olasılığı mevcut.
ÇÖZÜM İÇİN EN İYİ YOL: AMERİKA'NIN GERÇEKLERİ İTİRAFI
Sonuç olarak, yaklaşımını değiştirmesi gereken taraf ABD'dir. Washington'daki histerik Türkiye karşıtı atmosfere bakınca neredeyse imkansız gibi gözükse de Biden yönetimi başta olmak üzere ABD'li siyasetçiler NATO müttefiki, demokratik Türkiye'yi desteklemenin ABD çıkarlarını gözetmekle paralel olduğunu kavramalılar. Türkiye'nin Afrika, Avrupa ve Güneybatı Asya'da birçok kilit bölgede dengeleyici faktör olduğunu ve ABD'nin tek süper güç olduğu dönemin sona erdiğini anlamalılar. Bu nedenle, -sık sık iddia edilen idealler doğrultusunda- ABD, eğer İslam dünyasında demokrasinin ilerlemesini istiyorsa Türkiye'nin çıkarlarının aynı zamanda kendi çıkarları olduğunu anlamalı ve buna saygı duymalı. Ayrıca bu ikisini desteklemek için de iyi niyet çerçevesinde çalışmalıdır.
Eski ABD Dışişleri Bakanı Dean Acheson, 1964'te, dış ilişkilerin nasıl yürütülmesi gerektiğine dair öyle bir tanım formüle etmişti: "Diplomasimizin amacı güven ve itimat aşılamaktır. Zira uzun yıllardır devletimizin hedefi özgür toplumların var olması ve gelişmesine katkı sağlayan ortamları korumak ve geliştirmek olmuştur."[2] Açıkça görülüyor ki 70 yıldır demokratik bir NATO müttefikinin iç işlerine müdahale etmek güven ve itimadı tesis etmiyor. Aynı şekilde, terörist addedilen örgütlerle iş birliği yapmak ve onlara yataklık etmek de "özgür toplumların var olmasına ve gelişmesine katkı sağlayan ortamların gelişmesini" sağlamıyor. Fakat, Washington'ı Türkiye karşıtı bu hezeyandan kim uyandıracak?
[1] Dostoevsky, Fyodor. Crime and Punishment. "Epilogue." Trans. Oliver Ready, Penguin Books, 2014.
[2] Acheson, Dean. This Vast External Realm. W.W. Norton, 1973. p. 129.
[1999 yılından bu yana İstanbul'da yaşayan Adam McConnel, tarih alanındaki yüksek lisans ve doktora derecelerini de almış olduğu Sabancı Üniversitesi'nde Türk tarihi dersleri vermektedir. 20. yüzyıl Türk tarihi, Türk-Amerikan ilişkileri ile 19. ve 20. yüzyıl dünya tarihi, özel olarak odaklandığı araştırma alanlarıdır]