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Türkiye demokrasi tarihinin en kara lekesi 12 Eylül 1980 darbe sinin üzerinden 43 yıl geçmesine rağmen geride bıraktığı acılar hala hafızalardaki yerini koruyor. 12 Eylül 1980 'de Genel Kurmay Başkanı Orgeneral Kenan Evren ve MGK üyeleri ülkede yönetime el koymuştu.
Ordunun yönetime el koyduğu duyurusu, cuma günü sabaha karşı 3'te önce radyodan sonra televizyondan yankılandı. Türkiye, dönemin Genelkurmay Başkanı Kenan Evren 'in bu sözlerinin ardından bambaşka bir güne uyandı.
"Kendi kendini kontrol edemeyen demokrasiyi sağlam temeller üzerine oturtmak, kaybolan devlet otoritesini yeniden tesis etmek için yönetime el koymak zorunda kalmıştır."
DARBECİLERİN İLK HEDEFİ TÜRKİYE'NİN DEMOKRATİK KURUMLARIYDI
Türkiye, geri dönülemeyecek bir korku tünelinin içindeydi. Önce anayasa rafa kaldırıldı. Ülke genelinde sıkı yönetim ilan edildi.
Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi lağvedildi, siyasi partilerin kapısına kilit vuruldu. Dönemin siyasi liderleri Süleyman Demirel , Bülent Ecevit , Necmettin Erbakan ve Alparslan Türkeş sürgüne gönderildi, bu isimlere siyasi yasak getirildi. Sendika ve derneklerin faaliyetleri sonlandırıldı.
650 BİN KİŞİ GÖZALTINA ALINDI, 50 KİŞİ İDAM EDİLDİ
Demokrasi tam anlamıyla askıdaydı. 650 bin kişi gözaltına alındı, pek çoğu cezaevlerinde işkence gördü.Türkiye'nin yakın siyasi tarihine geçen ifadeyle "Bir sağdan bir soldan" denilerek 50 kişi idam edildi.
Kenan Evren 'in idam kararları için söylediği "Asmayalım da besleyelim mi?" ifadesi, darbecilerin insan hakları ihlali konusunda sınır tanımayacaklarının itirafı gibiydi.
DARBECİLER 32 YIL SONRA YARGILANDI
Darbeyle hesaplaşmanın ilk adımı 2010'da atıldı. Anayasa referandumuyla darbecilerin yargılanmasının önü açıldı. Darbenin o tarihte yaşayan isimleri Kenan Evren ile Tahsin Şahinkaya 'ya ağırlaştırılmış müebbet hapis cezası verildi.
Evren ve Şahinkaya'nın rütbeleri söküldü. Davanın Yargıtay süreci devam ederken Kenan Evren 98, Şahinkaya ise 90 yaşında öldü. Yargıtay, sanıkların ölümleri nedeniyle davanın düşürülmesine karar verdi. 12 Eylül darbesi demokrasi tarihine kara bir leke olarak geçti.
12 EYLÜL DARBESİNDE ABD ELİ!
Türkiye'nin kara lekesi 12 Eylül darbesi nin arkasındaki güç ABD gerçeği bugün de aydınlatılması gereken sırlarla dolu.
12 Eylül 1980 ile 5 Kasım 1980 tarihleri arasında ABD'nin Ankara , İstanbul ve İzmir 'deki diplomatik temsilciliklerinden Washington 'daki Dışişleri Bakanlığı ile diğer ülkelerdeki temsilciliklerine gönderilmiş 10 adet yazışma yer alıyor.
İlk kez kamuoyuyla paylaşılan bu yazışmalardan biri gizlilik sıralamasında en yüksek ikinci derece olan "Gizli" ibaresini; yedi tanesi üçüncü gizlilik derecesi olan "Özel" ibaresini taşıyor. İki yazışma da kamuya açık bilgiler taşıdığı için "Tasnif Dışı" olarak sınıflandırılıyor.
12 EYLÜL DARBESİ VE CIA'İN TÜRKİYE ŞEFİ PAUL HENZE
12 Eylül darbe si ve darbeye giden sürecin en kritik ismi Paul Henze.
Paul Henze'nin ABD Başkanı Jimmy Carter'a "Bizim çocuklar başardı" diyerek darbeyi haber vermesi ABD'nin suçüstü yakalandığı en önemli detaydı.
1974'TE GELDİ Henze, 1974 yılında Türkiye bürosunun başına getirildi. CHP ve Milli Selamet Partisi'nin koalisyon hükümetinin yönetimde olduğu dönemde Ankara 'ya CIA büro şefi olarak geldi. Üç yıl burada çalışan Henze, bir dönem bakanlık da yapan eski CHP Genel Sekreteri Kasım Gülek ve istihbaratçı Enver Altaylı ile arkadaşlığıyla tanınıyordu. BAŞKAN'A O HABER VERDİ Paul Henze, 1977 yılında Ankara'dan ayrılarak merkeze döndü. Beyaz Saray'da başkana danışmanlık yapmakla görevli Ulusal Güvenlik Konseyi'nde CIA temsilcisi olarak 1980 yılına kadar görev yaptı. 12 Eylül 1980 'de ordu darbe yaptığında bu haberi dönemin ABD Başkanı Jimmy Carter'a veren kişi de Paul Henze oldu. Henze, gazeteci Mehmet Ali Birand'a daha sonra verdiği bir mülakatta Carter'a "Bizim çocuklar başardı" diye haber verdiğini anlatmıştı.
Paul Henze, Türkiye'de Papa İkinci Jean Paul'e Mehmet Ali Ağca tarafından düzenlenen suikastle ilgili teorileriyle de tanınıyor. Paul Henze, 1981 yılındaki suikastten sonra yazdığı "Papa'yı öldürme planı" isimli kitapla Ağca'nın Bulgarlar tarafından desteklediği teorisini yazan ilk isimlerden biri olmuştu. Ancak ABD Senatosu'nda 1991'de yapılan oturumlarda Sovyetlerin olayda parmağı olduğu ile ilgili teorilerin teşkilat tarafından teşvik edildiği ortaya çıkmıştı. Paul Henze'nin Abdi İpekçi suikastinde rolü olduğu yönünde iddialar da bulunuyor.
Paul Henze 1924 yılında Minnesotta'da doğdu. İkinci Dünya Savaşı'nda üç yıl Avrupa'da savaşan Henze, Harvard Üniversitesi'nde Sovyet araştırmaları üzerine master yaptı. Paul Henze 1950-52 yıllarında Amerikan Dışişleri Bakanlığı'nda, 1952-58 yıllarında da Almanya'da Radio Free Europe'da çalıştı.
TÜRKÇE DAHİL 12 DİL BİLİYORDU Daha sonra Ulusal Güvenlik Konseyi'nde birlikte çalıştığı Zbigniew Brzezinski ile de burada tanıştı. Henze hükümet görevlerinden ayrıldıktan sonra uzun yıllar Rand Corp isimli düşünce kuruluşu için analizler yaptı. Henze Türkçe, Rusça, Fransızca ve Almancayı akıcı bir şekilde konuşuyor, İspanyolca, Lehçe dahil 12 dil biliyordu. Henze'nin 6 çocuğu var.
Henze felç geçirdikten sonra 19 Mayıs'ta 86 yaşında öldü.
MEHMET ALİ BİRAND PAUL HENZE'Yİ ANLATTI
32. Gün'de Paul Henze ile bir röportaj gerçekleştiren Mehmet Ali Birand, Henze'yi şöyle anlatıyordu:
"Paul Henze, özellikle 1970-1980 döneminde Washington 'da Türkiye'yi en yakından izleyen kişilerin başında gelirdi. Hem CIA geçmişi hem CIA'nın desteklediği vakıflardaki çalışmaları hep Türkiye üzerine olmuştu. Türkçe'yi çok iyi konuşur. Türkiye'deki siyaseti etkileyecek kişileri çok iyi tanır ve tek başına Türkiye politikasını düzenlerdi. O dönemde Türk Amerikan ilişkileri daha çok askeri üsler ve askeri yardım etrafında dönerdi. Pentagon ve Genelkurmay politika oluştururdu. Paul Henze, bunların içinde tek sivil uzmandı ve görüşleri daima ciddiye alınırdı.
Henze'nin 12 Eylül 1980 darbe sindeki heyecanını bizzat bilenlerden biriyim. Bana sonradan anlattığı bir anekdotu hiç unutamam: 'Bir şeyler olacağını bekliyordum ancak ne zaman olacağını bilemiyordum. Sonunda Ankara 'dan haber geldi. Türk askerinin müdahale ettiğini bildiren telgrafı büyükelçilikten aldık. Hemen konser izleyen Başkan Jimmy Carter'a gittim ve 'Our boys did it' (Bizim çocuklar başardı) dedim.' Henze, bunları bana anlattıktan sonra uzun süre yalanladı. Benim yanlış anladığımı iddia etti. Ama kendisinin önüne 32. Gün için anlattığı bu anekdotun banttaki halini koyunca tabi hiçbir şey söyleyemedi.
Paul Henze, Türkiye'yi İsrail'le birlikte Amerika'nın bölgedeki en önemli üssü olarak görürdü. Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri'ne de çok büyük bir güveni vardı. Eminim, birçok darbede Washington'ın olumlu tutum almasında da yardımcı oldu."
CIA AJANI RUZİ NAZAR VE 12 EYLÜL DARBESİ 12 Eylül 1980 darbe sinin arkasında Paul Henze kadar adı geçen bir kişi daha var: CIA ajanı Ruzi Nazar.
Ruzi Nazar, 2. Dünya Savaşı'nda Sovyet ordusunda savaşırken Almanlara esir düşen, Özbekistan doğumlu bir subaydır. Almanya yenilince de Nazar, ABD'lilerin eline geçer.
CIA'İN AKIL HOCASI: RUZİ NAZAR Nazar, 1959'da Ankara 'daki Amerikan Askeri Yardım Programı içinde ya da Amerikan Elçiği'nin ilgili biriminde görevlendirilir ve Anadolu Türkçesiyle yetiştirilir.
Ruzi Nazar'ın, Türkiye'deki askeri darbelerin ve önemli istihbarat çalışmalarının arkasında CIA'in akıl hocası olarak bulunduğu biliniyor.
CIA AJANI RUZİ NAZAR'IN KARİYERİNİ İNŞA ETTİ MİT elemanı olarak bilinse de bugün FETÖ'den tutuklu, Necip Hablemitoğlu cinayetinin kilit ismi ve CIA'e uzanan ilişkilerin odağındaki en kirli yüz Enver Altaylı, Ruzi Nazar'ın kariyerini inşa eden isim.
Nazar'ın Altaylı'ya "Türkiye'de yakında darbe olacak. Ama bu aşağıdan cunta harekatı şeklinde değil, Yüksek Komuta kademesinin emri altında bir darbe olacak" dediği biliniyor.
Nazar, Nisan 2015'te 98 yaşında hayatını kaybetti. Mezarı tahrip edilip havaya uçurulmasın diye de gizlice konulmasını vasiyet etmiş. Bu nedenle mezarında ne mezar taşı var ne de ismi.
12 EYLÜL DARBESİNİN ARKASINDAKİ İSİMLERDEN BİR TEK O KALDI Türkiye demokrasi tarihine kara bir leke olarak geçen 12 Eylül darbesi nin arkasındaki derin ABD hala tartışılması gereken bir konu. 12 Eylül 1980 darbe cileri öldü ve ABD emrinde çalışan Paul Henze ile Ruzi Nazar da. Yaşayan tek isim Enver Altaylı. Günümüzde tutuklu bulunan Altaylı'nın dava dosyasında çok sayıda CIA ajanıyla irtibatlı olduğuna dair belgeler yer alıyor.