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GYODER'in barınma sorununa çözüm getirecek konut modelinin zirvede ete kemiğe bürünmesi bekleniyor. GYODER'in modeli, kamuya ait arsalarda özel sektörün kiralama amaçlı konut üretmesini esas alıyor.
Bu sayede arsa maliyetinin düşmesi, konut arzının artması amaçlanıyor. Söz konusu model ayrıca kira için üst limit belirlenmesini, bu limitin uygulanması için devletin denetim yapmasını içeriyor. Seçili alanlarda uygulanacak projeyle sadece proje kapsamında uygun fiyatlı kiralık ev üretilmesi değil, projenin uygulandığı bölgelerdeki diğer konutlarda da kiraların daha makul seviyelerde tutulması hedefleniyor.
MALİYETİN YARISI ARSA GYODER, Türkiye 'de erişilebilir kiralık konut sağlamak amacıyla 1.5 yıl önce "Erişilebilir Konut Komitesi" kurdu. Türkiye'de barınma sorunu haline gelen konut krizinin çözümü için kafa yormaya başladı. Dünyanın birçok yerinde arsanın konut geliştirme sürecinde oluşturulan toplam değerden aldığı pay yüzde 20 iken, Türkiye'de bu oran yüzde 50'yi buluyor. GYODER'in kurduğu komite, arsa maliyetlerinin düşürülmesiyle fiyatların ucuzlayacağı kanaatinyle projeyi geliştirdi.
KİRAYI AZALTACAK Proje, kamu kuruluşları, yerel yönetimler veya benzeri kurumların elindeki arsaların belli bir dönemde kamu-özel iş birliği yöntemi ile değerlendirilerek, üst limit konulan bir kira tarifesiyle konut üretilmesini içeriyor. Yap-işlet-devret modeliyle, konutların üretilmesi ve kiralanmasını öngören modelin, arsa maliyetini sıfıra indirerek kiraları yarı yarıya düşüreceği belirtiliyor. Arsa mülkiyetinin de devlette kalması öngörülüyor.
Projeyle ilgili son gelişmeleri anlatan GYODER Başkanı Mehmet Kalyoncu, "Bu modelle konut üretimlerinin 1 yıl içinde tamamlanması hedefleniyor. Bu sayede düşük kira rakamlarıyla çevredeki yerleşim yerlerinin de ucuzlaması sağlanmış olacak. Sözleşmelerde yatay mimari, yerli malzeme ve enerji tasarrufu da şart koşulacak. Bu sayede orta ve orta alt gelir grubunun hane halkı gelirinin yüzde 30-50'sini aşmayacak bir formülle barınma çözümü sunmuş olacağız" dedi
5 BELEDİYE İLE GÖRÜŞTÜ Devlet arazilerinde uygun fiyatlı kiralık konut üretimini esas alan projeyle ilgili olarak İstanbul 'da 5 ilçe belediyesiyle görüştüklerini söyleyen Kalyoncu, finansman konusunda da önemli adımlar attıklarını belirtti.
Finansman noktasında Hollanda, Çin, Suudi Arabistan ve BAE'den bakanlıklar ve finans kuruluşlarıyla görüşmeler gerçekleştirdiklerini söyleyen Kalyoncu, "Çin'den büyük taahhüt şirketlerinden China State Construction Engineering ile görüşüyoruz. ENR dünya listesinde birinci olan Çinli firma…. 12 kişilik ekiple geldiler. ICBC aracılığı ile neler yapılabilir konuşuyoruz. Bu şirket yeni Kahire şehrini yapıyor. Hem de kiralık modelle. Kahire'nin yaptığını biz nasıl yapamayız. Hollandalı NHG Dutch Foundation Homeownership Guarantee Fund ile İstanbul'da görüştük, görüşmeler çok iyi geçti modelimizi anlattık" ifadelerini kullandı.
500 BİN KİRALIK KONUT HEDEFİ Söz konusu modelle vatandaşların piyasa dalgalanmalarından etkilenmeden kiracı kalabileceğini ifade eden Kalyoncu, "Hane halkı gelirinin yüzde 30'unu barınmaya ayıracak, yaşam standartları yükselecek. Düşük kira rakamlarıyla çevredeki yerleşim yerlerinin de ucuzlaması hedefleniyor. Halkın faydalandığı halkçı bir model ve aynı zamanda kamunun başta mülkiyet olmak üzere haklarının korunduğu devletçi bir model. Biz İstanbul'da da en az yüzde 10 kurumsal kiraya verenin olduğu bir kiralık konut stoku olması gerektiğini düşünüyoruz. Yani 500 bin kiralık konuttan söz ediyoruz" dedi.
KENTSEL DÖNÜŞÜMÜ HIZLANDIRIR Kentsel dönüşümün önünde en büyük engelin, kiralık konut bulunamaması olduğuna da dikkat çeken Kalyoncu, "İnsanlar evlerinden çıkacak, kiralık konut bulacak ki o binalar yıkılabilsin. TÜİK'e göre bir binada yaklaşık 4 konut var. Dolayısıyla 500 bin konut üretimi, 125 bin eski binanın yeniden inşası demek. İstanbul'da 262 bin binanın 1980 öncesi yapıldığını düşündüğümüzde bu hayati öneme sahip oluyor. Nitekim Kandilli Rasathanesi'nin araştırmasına göre 7,5 şiddetinde bir depremden yaklaşık 40 bin bina ağır hasar, 136 bin bina orta hasar, 300 bin bina ise hafif hasar alacak. 2024 yılında bu modeldeki ilk konutların üretimini ülkemizde göreceğimizi düşünüyoruz" açıklamasında bulundu.
Deprem gerçeğini İstanbul 'un unutması durumunda Türkiye 'nin de unutacağını belirten Kalyoncu, şöyle konuştu: "18. Gayrimenkul Zirvesi'nde depremi unutturmamak için içeriğin yarısından fazlasını deprem üzerine kurguladık. Zirvenin yüzde 60'ı deprem odaklı. Mottomuz şöyle: 'Şehrini Vicdanla Tamamla' Zirvede çıkış noktamız 'akıllı şehirleri' bırakalım bizi bir yere götürmedi, 'vicdanlı şehirlere' bakalım. Vicdanlı olmak 'daha az kazanmak' değil 'kazancın adil paylaşılması' ile olur."
MODELLE VATANDAŞ NE KAZANACAK? Piyasa dalgalanmalarından etkilenmeden kiracı kalabilecek. Kredi kullanmadan konut sahibi olabilme imkânı elde edecek. Gelirinin yüzde 30'unu barınmaya ayıracak. Harcanabilir gelirlerinde barınmaya ayırdığı payı başka yerde kullanabilecek.
MODELLE KAMU NE KAZANACAK? Özel sektörün becerilerinden maksimum fayda sağlanacak. Maliyetlerin düşürülmesi mümkün olacak. Projelerin hızla tamamlanması sağlanacak. Mülkiyetin kamuda kalması sözkonusu olacak.
MODELLE ÖZEL SEKTÖR NE KAZANACAK? Uzun soluklu sözleşmelere imza atacak. Yatırım fırsatı bulacak. Zorlu imar planı-ruhsat gibi süreçler olmayacak. Kamu ile iş birliği yaratma kültürü kazanacak.
FİNANSMAN İÇİN 2 OPSİYON 1. Kamu arsayı 49 yıllığına tahsis eder. Belirleyeceği bedele göre yapım- kiralama-işletme ihalesine çıkar. İşi alan şirket, arsanın üst hakkı ipoteği karşılığında bankadan kredi kullanarak işi yapar, bağımsız bölümler oluşur. Üst hakkı sahibi, konutu 49 yıldan kalan süre kadar kullanır. Konutları kiralayarak tahsil ettiği kira bedelleri ile kredisini öder.
2. Kamu arsayı 49 yıllığına tahsis eder. Belirleyeceği bedele göre yapım-kiralama- işletme ihalesine çıkar. İşi alan şirket yapım bedeli+kâr için gayrimenkul sertifikası ihracına çıkar. SPK'nın onayı çerçevesinde her bir metrekare için bir sertifika ihraç ederek sağlayacağı finansmanla işi yapar. Her sertifika sahibi, kendine ait metrekarede 49 yıl ikamet eder. Sertifikalar borsada hisse senedi gibi 49 yıl tamamlanana kadar sürekli işlem görür.