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Marmara Denizi 'nde kabus geri döndü: Müsilaj yeniden görülmeye başlandı. Balıkesir Erdek Körfezi'nde dalış yaparak incelemelerde bulunan Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dekanı Prof. Dr. Mustafa Sarı, Marmara Denizi'ni 2021'de kaplayan müsilajın tekrar ortaya çıktığını belirtti.
Prof. Dr. Sarı, 23 Ekim 2024'te yapılan dalışta 10-15 metre arasında gözlemlenen müsilajın, 25 Ekim itibarıyla 10 metreden 24 metreye kadar yayıldığını tespit ettiklerini ifade etti. Sarı ayrıca, deniz suyu sıcaklığının uzun yıllar ortalamasının yaklaşık 2 derece üzerinde olduğunu ve yüzeyde 21 derece ölçülen sıcaklığın 40 metre derinlikte 16 dereceye düştüğünü aktardı.Türkiye'nin denizlerinin kabusu haline gelen musilaj yeniden görülmeye başlandı.
"ÖRÜMCEK AĞI GİBİ UZANIP GİDİYOR"
Müsilaj ın oluşumu ve etkileri hakkında önemli bilgiler paylaşan Prof. Dr. Mustafa Sarı, "Aslında soluduğumuz havanın içindeki oksijeni üreten çoğu tek hücreli alglerin kirlilik sonucu artan azot ve fosforu kullanarak aşırı çoğalması sonucu suya salgıladıkları polisakkaritlerden oluşuyor. Sümüksü, şeffaf ve kıvamlı bir yapıda olan bu salgı, sudaki bütün mikroorganizmalar için çok uygun bir gelişme ortamı sunuyor. Mikroorganizmaların da sürece dahil olmasıyla denizde kilometrelerce uzanan tül benzeri yapılar örümcek ağı gibi uzanıp gidiyor. Kibrit çöpü gibi küçük oluşumlarla başlayan süreç önce uzun şeritlere, sonra bulut gibi müsilaj kümelerine dönüşüyor. Müsilaj kümeleri ağırlaştıkça dibe çökerek pina, midye, istridye, sünger ve mercan gibi dipte sabit yaşayan canlıların beslenmesini, nefes almasını engelleyerek ciddi kayıplara neden oluyor. Müsilaj oluşumu Marmara Denizi'nde genellikle Karadeniz'den İstanbul Boğazı aracılığıyla giren suyun minimuma indiği, deniz şartlarındaki durağanlığın maksimuma çıktığı ekim ayında başlamaktadır. Bu ayda başlayan müsilaj kış boyunca devam ederek yoğunluk artığında nisan ayından itibaren deniz yüzeyine çıkmaktadır. Ancak yüzeyde görülen müsilaj toplam müsilajın binde biri bile değildir." ifadelerini kullandı.
25 MİLYON İNSANIN ATIKLARININ YÜZDE 55'İ ARITILIYOR
Açıklamasında deniz yüzey sıcaklığı ve artan kirliliğin müsilaj oluşumunu tetiklediğini vurgulayan Prof. Dr. Mustafa Sarı, "Müsilaj, deniz ekosistemine ciddi zararı olan bir felakettir. Marmara Denizi çevresinde yaşayan 25 milyon insanın atıklarının ne yazık ki halen en fazla yüzde 55'i arıtılıyor. Geriye kalan atıkların yüzde 45'i sadece parçacıklar fiziksel olarak ayrılarak derin deşarjla denize boca ediliyor. Ülke endüstrisinin yarısından fazlası da Marmara Denizi çevresinde kümelenmiş vaziyette. Sanayi atıklarının da en iyi olasılıkla yarısı arıtılıyor, geri kalan kısmı hiç arıtılmadan Marmara Denizi'ne ulaşıyor." dedi.
Sarı, yoğun tarımsal faaliyetler sırasında kullanılan gübreler, tarım zehirleri ve akarsu ağı ile denize ulaşan atık miktarının da oldukça yüksek olduğunu belirtti.
"MARMARA DENİZİ'NİN ATIK YÜKÜ AZALTILMALI"
"Deniz suyu sıcaklığı artışını sınırlandırmak veya deniz şartlarındaki durağanlığa müdahil olmak ne yazık ki mümkün değil." diyen Sarı, "bu yüzden 2021 yılından beri tüm bilim insanları yeni müsilaj oluşumunun önüne geçmenin tek yolunun Marmara Denizi'nin atık yükünün azaltılmasıyla mümkün olduğuna dikkat çekmektedir" dedi.
ACİLEN MERKEZİ VE YEREL YÖNETİMLERİN HAREKETE GEÇMELİ
Müsilajın yeniden Marmara Denizi'ni tehdit ettiğini vurgulayan Prof. Dr. Mustafa Sarı, "2021 yılında hazırlanarak uygulamaya konulan 22 eylemden oluşan Marmara Denizi Eylem Planı'nın (MDEP) 14 maddesi denizin kirlilik yükünü azaltmakla ilgiliydi. Üzülerek belirtmek gerekir ki MDEP etkin şekilde uygulanamadığı için denizin kirlilik yükü azaltılamamış ve müsilaj yeniden Marmara Denizi'ni tehdit eder hale gelmiştir. Müsilajın deniz ekosistemine vereceği zararları azaltmak, balıkçılık ve turizm başta olmak üzere ekonomik kayıpları sınırlandırmak için acilen merkezi ve yerel yönetimlerin harekete geçmesi şarttır. Marmara Denizi'ne ulaşan tüm kirlilik kaynakları kontrol altına alınmalıdır." açıklamalarında bulundu.
Denize su değil zehir taşıyan Nilüfer Çayı, Gönen Çayı, bir tünelle Marmara'ya bağlanan Ergene Nehri'ne kontrolsüzce salınan endüstriyel atıklar durdurulmalısı gerektiğine dikkat çeken Sarı, "Marmara Bölgesi'nde her türlü arıtılmamış atık deşarjı acilen durdurulmalı ve denetimler artırılmalıdır." mesajını verdi.