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İzleyiciler tarafından heyecanla beklenen Barbaros dizisinin hazırlıkları sürüyor. Tarihin en büyük denizcilerinden birisi olarak bilinen denizlerin fatihi Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa 'nın hayatını konu alacak dizinin başrolleri için Engin Altan Düzyatan ve Ulaş Tuna Astepe anlaşılmıştı. Dizide Engin Altan Düzyatan Oruç Reis'i ve Barbaros'u ise Ulaş Tuna Astepe canlandıracak. İki ünlü isim yapım şirketinde bir araya geldi. TRT 1 ekranlarında yayınlanacak Barbaros dizisinin ne zaman başlayacağı akıllarda bir soru işareti olarak yer alıyor.
İKİ BAŞROL YAN YANA GELDİ
Dizide Engin Altan Düzyatan Oruç Reis'i ve Barbaros'u ise Ulaş Tuna Astepe canlandıracak. İki ünlü isim yapım şirketinde bir araya geldi. TRT 1 ekranlarında yayınlanacak Barbaros dizisinin ne zaman başlayacağı akıllarda bir soru işareti olarak yer alıyor.
BARBAROS HAYRETTİN PAŞA KİMDİR?
Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa , Vardar Yenicesi'nden Midilli'nin fethi sonrası buraya yerleşen sipahi Yakup Ağa'nın oğlu olarak 1478'de dünyaya geldi. Asıl adı "Hızır Reis" olan Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa'ya, Yavuz Sultan Selim tarafından "dinin hayırlısı" anlamına gelen "Hayrettin" adı verildi.
Ağabeyi Oruç Reis'e kızıla çalan sakalı yüzünden "Barbarossa" adını veren Avrupalılar, Oruç Reis'in vefatının ardından küçük kardeşi Hızır için de bu ismi kullandı. "Barbarossa" Türkçede "Barbaros" olarak ifade edildi.
Dört kardeşin en küçüğü olan Hızır, gençliğinde yaptırdığı bir gemiyle Midilli, Selanik ve Eğriboz arasında ticarete başladı. Rodos şövalyelerine esir düşen ağabeyi Oruç'un kurtarılmasından sonra ise iki kardeş, Şehzade Korkut'un himayesine girdi. Hızır ve Oruç Reis, 1504'ten sonra "deniz gazisi" olarak Akdeniz'de hakimiyet mücadelesi başlattı.
Ağabeyiyle Akdeniz kıyılarına düzenledikleri akınlarda önemli ganimetler elde eden Barbaros Hayrettin, İspanya, Ceneviz ve Fransa'ya karşı kazandıkları başarılarla adını duyurdu.
Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa ve Oruç Reis, 1516'da ele geçirdikleri yüklü bir gemiyi dönemin padişahı Yavuz Sultan Selim'e hediye olarak gönderdi. Osmanlı'nın desteğini arkasına alarak Kuzey Afrika'da toprak edinmeye başlayan reisler, 1516-1517 yıllarında İspanyol ve Cenevizli istilacılarla yaptıkları savaşlar sonunda Cezayir'i denetim altına aldı.
Yerlilerle anlaşan İspanyolların 1518'de İspanyollara sığınan Tlemsen Beyi'nin bir sene sonra yaptığı karşı saldırıda Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa'nın kardeşleri İshak Reis ve Oruç Reis şehit oldu.
Gösterdiği başarılı mücadeleyle bir süre daha tek başına Cezayir topraklarında tutunabilen Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa, stratejik bir kararla Yavuz Sultan Selim'e bir heyet göndererek topraklarının Osmanlı hakimiyetine kabulünü istedi. Cezayir, Osmanlı Devleti'nin bir toprağı haline geldi. Yavuz Sultan Selim adına para bastırarak, hutbe okutarak bağlılığını bildiren Hayrettin Reis, Cezayir Beyi olarak atandı.
Kendisine Anadolu'da gönüllü asker toplama imtiyazı tanınarak yeniçerilerle topçulardan oluşan 2000 kişilik bir yardımcı birlik gönderilmesi kararlaştırıldı. Böylece hutbenin padişah adına okunduğu Cezayir, Osmanlı topraklarına katılmış olduğu gibi Hızır da artık Hayreddin Paşa diye anılmaya başlandı.
Gördükleri zulüm sebebiyle Endülüs'ten ayrılmak zorunda kalan Müslümanları Türk gemileriyle Afrika sahillerine taşıyan Hayrettin Paşa, Cezayir'e yaklaşık 70 bin Endülüs Müslümanı getirdi. Ayrıca ele geçirilen ganimetlerle Cezayir zenginleşti.
Akdeniz ve Kuzey Afrika'da İspanyollara, Cenevizlilere ve Fransızlara karşı Osmanlı Devleti adına önemli zaferler kazanan Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa , başarılarıyla ününe ün kattı.
Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa , Yavuz Sultan Selim'in ardından Kanuni Sultan Süleyman döneminde de büyük başarılara imza attı.
Hristiyan denizcilerin, Osmanlı Devleti'nin Mora kıyılarına saldırması üzerine Kanuni Sultan Süleyman çözümü Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa'da buldu. Kanuni Sultan Süleyman, Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa'yı 1534'te Kaptan-ı Derya ilan etti. Böylece Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa, Devlet-i Aliyye'de amiralliğe kadar yükseldi.
ALTI KAT BÜYÜKLÜKTEKİ DONANMAYI YENDİ
Osmanlı'nın Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa'nın zaferleriyle Akdeniz'deki gücünü ve denetimini artırması nedeniyle Papalık, Venedik, Ceneviz, Malta, İspanya ve Portekiz gemilerinden oluşan ve başında Andera Doria'nın bulunduğu bir Haçlı Donanması kuruldu.
Osmanlı Donanması ile Haçlı Donanması'nın karşılaşmasına sahne olan Arta Körfezi'ndeki Preveze'de, tarihin en kalabalık deniz muharebesi gerçekleşti.
Haçlı Donanması'nın 600'den fazla gemisi, on binlerce forsa dışında 60 bin askeri, 122 gemi ve forsalar dışında 20 bin askerli Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa komutasındaki Osmanlı Donanması ile karşı karşıya geldi.
Bu büyük savaş sonunda, Haçlı Donanması 128 gemisini kaybetti, 29 gemi de Osmanlı tarafından ele geçirildi. Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa komutasındaki donanma bir gemi bile kaybetmezken, yaklaşık 400 levendi şehit oldu.
Preveze Savaşı sonrasında, Osmanlı Devleti'nin Akdeniz'deki egemenliği pekişti. Şarlken, Preveze'nin intikamını almak için 1541'de Cezayir'e saldırdı ancak başarılı olamadı.
Fransa Kralı 1. François'in, Şarlken'e karşı Osmanlılardan yardım istemesi üzerine Kanuni Sultan Süleyman, Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa'yı Fransa'nın Akdeniz kıyılarına gönderdi. Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa, Toulon'da Fransız donanmasıyla birleşerek 1543'de Nice'i aldı.
DENİZ İMPARATORLUĞU
Osmanlı denizciliği, Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa sayesinde gücünün zirvesine ulaştı. Bir kara imparatorluğu olan Osmanlı aynı zamanda açık denizlerde de etkinlik gösteren deniz imparatorluğu haline geldi.
Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa devletin deniz politikasını belirlemesinin yanı sıra Tersane-i Amire'nin, dönemin en başarılı gemi üretim ve teknoloji merkezi olmasını sağladı.
Onun mektebinde yetişen değerli denizciler ve teşkilatlı tersane sayesinde bu deniz gücü varlığını bir süre daha devam ettirdi.
Kaynaklara göre Barbaros iri yapılı, kumral tenliydi. Saçı, sakalı, kaşları ve kirpikleri çok gürdü. Ömrü denizlerde geçtiğinden Rumca, Arapça, İspanyolca, İtalyanca ve Fransızca gibi Akdeniz dillerini iyi bilirdi. Hep denizlerde olsa da İstanbul'da bir cami, bir medrese bir de sıbyan mektebi inşa ettirdi.
Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa , Beşiktaş'ta 4 Temmuz 1546'da 68 yaşında vefat etti. Ölümünün ardından dünyada ne kadar büyük bir denizci olduğuna ithafen "Mate reisü'l-bahr." yani "Denizin reisi öldü." denildi.
Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa'nın naaşı, Beşiktaş'ta yaptırdığı medresenin yanına Mimar Sinan tarafından yaptırılan türbeye defnedildi.
KATILDIĞI SAVAŞLAR
Adını denizcilik tarihine yazdıran Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa 'nın denizlerdeki bazı önemli zaferleri sırasıyla şöyle:
- 1519 İspanya donanmasını bozguna uğrattı.
- 1520-1525 yılları arasında Akdeniz'in Avrupa kıyılarını vurarak, büyük ganimetler elde etti.
- 1530'da Cezayir'i yeniden ele geçirdi.
- 1534'te Akdeniz'e açıldı ve İtalya kıyılarına seferler düzenledi.
- 1534'te Tunus'u ele geçirdi.
- 1536'da daha güçlü bir donanma ile İtalya kıyılarına saldırdı.
- 1536-37'de Ege Denizi'ndeki bütün Venedik adalarını fethetti.
- 1538'de Preveze Deniz Savaşı'nda Haçlı Donanması'nı yendi.
- 1543'te Fransız Donanması ile birleşerek, Kutsal Roma Germen ittifakını yenerek Nice'i aldı.