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Kamu kurum ve kuruluşlarında çalışan sözleşmeli personelin hemen hemen hepsi aynı konuyu merak ediyor: Sendikaya üye olabilir miyiz? Kanunun ilk halinde sözleşmeli personel ve aday memurlar sendikalara üye olamıyor. Peki şuanda durum nasıl? İşte merak edilen sorunun yanıtı
Bilindiği üzere, 5393 sayılı Belediye Kanununun 49 uncu maddesinde;
"...Belediye ve bağlı kuruluşlarında, norm kadroya uygun olarak çevre, sağlık, veterinerlik, teknik, hukuk, ekonomi, bilişim ve iletişim, plânlama, araştırma ve geliştirme, eğitim ve danışmanlık alanlarında avukat, mimar, mühendis, şehir ve bölge plâncısı, çözümleyici ve programcı, tabip, uzman tabip, ebe, hemşire, veteriner, kimyager, teknisyen ve tekniker gibi uzman ve teknik personel yıllık sözleşme ile çalıştırılabilir. Sözleşmeli personel eliyle yürütülen hizmetlere ilişkin boş kadrolara ayrıca atama yapılamaz. Bu personelin, yürütecekleri hizmetler için ihdas edilmiş kadro unvanının gerektirdiği nitelikleri taşımaları şarttır. Bu fıkra uyarınca sözleşmeli olarak istihdam edileceklere ödenecek net ücret, söz konusu kadro unvanı için birinci derecenin birinci kademesi esas alınmak suretiyle 657 sayılı Devlet Memurları Kanununa göre tespit edilecek her türlü ödemeler toplamının net tutarının yüzde 25 fazlasını geçmemek üzere belediye meclisi kararıyla belirlenir.
Genel hükümlere göre birinci dereceden kadro ihdas edilemeyen kadro unvanları için ise o kadro unvanından ihdası yapılmış en yüksek kadro derecesinin birinci kademesi esas alınır ve yapılacak ödemenin azami tutarı yukarıda belirtilen usûle göre tespit olunur. Bu fıkra hükümlerine göre çalıştırılacak personel için Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı unvanlar itibarıyla sınırlama getirebilir. Avukat, mimar, mühendis (inşaat mühendisi ve harita mühendisi olmak kaydıyla) ve veteriner kadrosu bulunmayan veya işlerin azlığı nedeniyle bu unvanlarda kadrolu personel istihdamına ihtiyaç duyulmayan belediyelerde, bu hizmetlerin yürütülmesi amacıyla, haftanın ya da ayın belirli gün veya saatlerinde kısmi zamanlı olarak sözleşme ile personel çalıştırılabilir. Kısmi zamanlı olarak çalıştırılacak personel sayısı yukarıda belirtilen her unvan için birden fazla olamaz ve bunlarla yapılacak sözleşme süresi takvim yılını aşamaz.
Bunlara ödenecek net ücret, aynı unvanlı kadroların birinci derecesinin birinci kademesi için yapılması gereken bütün ödemeler toplamının net tutarının yarısını geçmemek ve çalıştırılacak süre ile orantılı olmak üzere belediye meclisi kararı ile tespit edilir. Bu fıkra uyarınca sözleşmeli personel olarak çalıştırılanlar için iş sonu tazminatı ödenmez ve işsizlik sigortası primi yatırılmaz. Bunlardan yaptıkları başka işler sebebiyle herhangi bir sosyal güvenlik kurumuna tâbi olanlar için sosyal sigorta ve genel sağlık sigortası primi yatırılmaz ve aynı kişi birden fazla belediye veya bağlı kuruluşta çalıştırılamaz. Üçüncü ve dördüncü fıkra hükümleri uyarınca çalıştırılacak personele her ne ad altında olursa olsun sözleşme ücreti dışında herhangi bir ödeme yapılmaz ve ücret mahiyetinde aynî ya da nakdî menfaat temin edilmez.
Bu personel hakkında bu Kanunla düzenlenmeyen hususlarda vize şartı aranmaksızın 657 sayılı Devlet Memurları Kanununun 4 üncü maddesinin (B) fıkrasına göre istihdam edilenler hakkındaki hükümler uygulanır. Bu personele ait sözleşme örnekleri sözleşmenin imzalanmasını izleyen 30 gün içinde Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı na gönderilir. Dördüncü fıkrada sayılan unvanlara ilişkin hizmetler dışında kalmak ve o hizmet için ihdas edilmiş kadro bulunmamak kaydıyla, Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığınca üçüncü fıkra çerçevesinde sözleşmeli personel istihdamı uygun görülmüş olan kadro unvanlarına ilişkin görevlerde, 657 sayılı Kanunun 4 üncü maddesinin (B) fıkrasına göre münhasıran kısmi süreli olarak sözleşmeli personel çalıştırılabilir..." hükmü yer almaktadır. Diğer taraftan, 4688 sayılı Kamu Görevlileri Sendikaları ve Toplu Sözleşme Kanununun Kapsam başlıklı 2 nci maddesinde; "Bu Kanun, Devletin veya diğer kamu tüzel kişilerinin yürütmekle görevli oldukları kamu hizmetlerinin görüldüğü genel, katma ve özel bütçeli idareler, il özel idareleri ve belediyeler ile bunlara bağlı kuruluşlarda kamu iktisadî teşebbüslerinde, özel kanunlarla veya Cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnameleriyle ya da bunların verdiği yetkiye dayanarak kurulan banka ve teşekküller ile bunlara bağlı kuruluşlarda ve diğer kamu kurum veya kuruluşlarında işçi statüsü dışında çalışan kamu görevlileri hakkında uygulanır." hükmü,
Tanımlar başlıklı 3 üncü maddesinde; "Bu Kanunun uygulanmasında; a) Kamu görevlisi: Bu Kanun kapsamında yer alan kurum ve kuruluşların kadro veya pozisyonlarında istihdam edilenlerden işçi statüsü dışında çalışan kamu görevlilerini,... ...İfade eder..." hükmü,
Sendika üyeliğinin kazanılması başlıklı 14 üncü maddesinde; "Sendikalara üye olmak serbesttir. Kamu görevlileri çalıştıkları işyerinin girdiği hizmet kolunda kurulu bir sendikaya üye olabilirler..." hükmü ile, Aynı Kanunun Sendika üyesi olamayacaklar başlıklı 15 inci maddesinde; "Bu Kanuna göre kurulan sendikalara;
a) Cumhurbaşkanlığı merkez teşkilatında, bağlı kurullarında ve Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı, Savunma Sanayi Başkanlığı ile İletişim Başkanlığı hariç olmak üzere bağlı kuruluşlarında, Millî Güvenlik Kurulu Genel Sekreterliğinde çalışan kamu görevlileri, b) Yüksek yargı organlarının başkan ve üyeleri, hâkimler, savcılar ve bu meslekten sayılanlar, c) Bakanlar, bakan yardımcıları, bu Kanun kapsamında bulunan kurum ve kuruluşların başkanları, genel müdürleri, daire başkanları ve bunların yardımcıları, yönetim kurulu üyeleri, merkez teşkilâtlarının denetim birimleri yöneticileri ve kurul başkanları, hukuk müşavirleri, bölge, il ve ilçe teşkilâtlarının en üst amirleri ile bunlara eşit veya daha üst düzeyde olan kamu görevlileri, belediye başkanları ve yardımcıları, d) Yükseköğretim Kurulu Başkan ve üyeleri ile Yükseköğretim Denetleme Kurulu Başkan ve üyeleri, üniversite ve yüksek teknoloji enstitüsü rektörleri, fakülte dekanları, enstitü ve yüksek okulların müdürleri ile bunların yardımcıları, e) Mülkî idare amirleri, f) Silahlı Kuvvetler mensupları, ...h) Millî İstihbarat Teşkilâtı mensupları, ı) Bu Kanun kapsamında bulunan kurum ve kuruluşların merkezi denetim elemanları, j) Emniyet hizmetleri sınıfı, k) Ceza infaz kurumlarında çalışan kamu görevlileri, l) Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı ve Sahil Güvenlik Komutanlığında görevli subay, sözleşmeli subay, astsubay, sözleşmeli astsubay, uzman jandarma, uzman erbaş, sözleşmeli erbaş ve sözleşmeli erler, Üye olamazlar ve sendika kuramazlar." hükmü bulunmaktadır.
Öte yandan, ilgi (a) Genelgenin 6 ncı maddesinde; "Sözleşmeli personele ödenecek ücret, ilgili kurumların meclisi tarafından ve 5393 sayılı Kanunun 49 uncu maddesinin üçüncü ve dördüncü fıkrasındaki hükümler dikkate alınarak net tutar olarak tespit olunacak ve her ayın başında peşin olarak ödenecektir.
Ücretler, Hazine ve Maliye Bakanlığı tarafından her yıl ocak ve temmuz aylarında yayımlanan "Mahalli İdarelerde Sözleşmeli Personel Olarak Çalıştırılacakların Ücret Tavanları" konulu genelgesinde yer alan ücret tavanı aşılmamak ve asgari ücretin altına düşülmemek kaydıyla belirlenecektir. Kurumların yetkili meclisleri tarafından ücret tespiti yapılmaksızın sözleşme imzalanmayacak ve sözleşmelerin başlangıç tarihi yukarıda belirtilen meclis kararından daha önceki bir tarih olarak belirlenmeyecektir. İlgililere sözleşmenin başlangıç tarihinden önceki dönemlere ilişkin olarak herhangi bir ücret veya başka bir mali hak verilmeyecektir. Yeni yılda da çalıştırılmaya devam edilmesi uygun görülenler için yeni yıl itibarıyla hesaplanacak ücret tavanı aşılmamak kaydıyla, ücret tespitine ilişkin meclis kararı mutlaka Ocak ayı içinde alınacak ve sözleşmelerin yenileme işlemleri de yine Ocak ayı içerisinde tamamlanacaktır..." hükmü ile, 8 inci maddesinde; "Sözleşmelerde, sözleşmeli personelin işçi sendikalarına üye olmasına imkân tanıyacak herhangi bir düzenlemeye yer verilmeyecektir." hükmüne yer verilmiştir.
Yukarıdaki mevzuat hükümleri incelendiğinde; Belediyelerin 4688 sayılı Kanun kapsamında yer aldığı, aynı Kanunda yer alan kamu görevlisi tanımının sözleşmeli personel pozisyonlarında istihdam edilen personeli de kapsadığı, dolayısıyla yerel yönetimlerde 5393 sayılı Kanunun 49 uncu maddesine göre istihdam edilen sözleşmeli personelin sendika üyesi olmasına engel bulunmamakla birlikte, üyeliğin ilgili personelin takdirinde olduğu, diğer taraftan söz konusu personelin sözleşme yenileme işlemlerinin Ocak ayı içinde tamamlanması ve ücretlerinin 1 Ocak tarihi itibarıyla tespit edilmesi gerektiği değerlendirilmektedir.