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SGK ve Bağkur'lu milyonlarca emeklinin dikkat etmesi gereken bir içeriz sunuyoruz. Bu bağlamda üretim ekonomisine uzun yıllar katkı sağlayan vatandaşlar SSK , Bağ-Kur ve Emekli Sandığı sistemleri üzerinden aylığa bağlanıyor. Emeklilik için 7200 prim günü ile yaş şartı var. Bazı istisnalarda 3600 gün ile erken emeklilik söz konusu. Emeklilikte Yaşa Takılanlar için bir Meclis yasası gerekirken, prim açığı olanlar için farklı formüller var. Bunların başında da borçlanma ve yıpranma hakları geliyor. e-Devlet üzerinden erken emeklilik başvurusu yapılabiliyor. Peki, kimler erken emekli olabilir? İşte erken emeklilik ile ilgili o bilgiler...
DETAYLAR İÇİN BİR SONRAKİ SAYFAYA TIKLAYINIZ
NASIL HESAPLANIR?
Bir kişinin emekli olabilmesi için üç şartı bir arada yerine getirmesi gerekir. Bu şartlardan ilki sigorta lılık süresidir. Sigortalılık süresi ilk kez çalışılmaya başlanan tarihte işlemeye başlar ve kişi çalışmaya devam etse de, etmese de devam eder. Dolayısıyla, ilk kez 1 Ocak 1990'da sigortalı çalışmaya başlayan bir kişi, 1 Ocak 2000 tarihinde 10 yıl sigortalılık süresini tamamlamış olur.
Emeklilik için gerekli ikinci şart ise prim ödeme gün sayısıdır. Prim ödeme gün sayısı ise kişinin çalıştığı, adına prim ödenen günleri ifade eder. Kişi çalışmaz veya borçlanma yapmaz ise prim ödeme gün sayısı artmaz. Emeklilikte üçüncü şart ise yaş şartıdır. Kişinin ilk kez sigortalı olduğu tarihe göre belirlenen bu üç koşulu birlikte sağladığı gün, emeklilik hakkı kazanması söz konusu olur.
ÖNEMİ BÜYÜK
Bir kişinin hangi koşullarda emekli olacağı, ilk kez sigorta lı olarak çalışmaya başlanılan güne göre belirlenir. Bu nedenle de bir günün bile önemi vardır. Örneğin, 8 Eylül 1999 tarihinde ilk kez sigortalı olarak çalışmaya başlayan bir erkek sigortalı 58 yaşında emekli olabilirken, 9 Eylül 1999'da ilk kez sigortalı olan bir erkek sigortalı 60 yaşında emekli olabilir. Bu nedenle, sigorta girişi emeklilik için hayati önemdedir.
NASIL BORÇLANILIR?
Erkek sigortalılar, er veya erbaş olarak silah altında geçirdikleri süreleri ve yedek subay okulundaki süreleri borçlanabilirler. Askerlik borçlanması, borçlanılabilecek sürelere ilişkin primlerin SGK 'ya ödenmesi ile yapılır. Askerlik borçlanması yapmak isteyen sigortalı, SGK'ya askerliğini yaptığını gösterir belgelerle birlikte başvurur ve yalnızca bu sürelerin primlerini ödeyerek borçlanma yapar.
Askerlik borçlanması yapacak kişi borçlanacağı sürelere ilişkin prim tutarlarını kendisi belirler ve kendi cebinden öder. 2020 yılı için askerlik borçlanması yapacak bir kişinin borçlanacağı her bir gün için ödemesi gereken en düşük tutar 31,39 TL'dir Dolayısıyla 400 gün askerlik borçlanması yapacak bir kişinin 12 bin 556 TL, 540 gün askerlik borçlanması yapacak bir kişinin ise 16 bin 950 TL ödeme yapması gerekir. Bu rakamlar askerlik borçlanmasının minimum düzeyden yapılması halinde geçerlidir. Borçlanma yapmak isteyen sigortalı isterse daha yüksek tutardan borçlanma yapabilir.
E DEVLET'TEN BAŞVURU
Askerlik borçlanması yapmak için gerekli başvuru e-devletten yapılabiliyor. E-devlet şifresiyle kendi sayfasına giren vatandaşlar, SGK 'nın sunduğu hizmetlerden askerlik borçlanmasını seçip, borçlanacağı günleri belirtip, ilgili belgeleri sisteme yükledikten ve borçlanmak istedikleri prim seviyesini seçtikten sonra SGK başvuruyu değerlendirip gerekli rakamı hesaplıyor ve başvuru sahibine bildiriyor. Bu tutarın ödenmesi sonrası borçlanma işlemi gerçekleştirilmiş oluyor. Bu sayede askerlik borçlanması çok hızlı ve kolay bir şekilde yapılabiliyor.
HER BORÇLANMA EMEKLİ ETMEZ
İlk kez sigorta lı olduğu tarihten sonra askerlik borçlanması olan kişilerde bu borçlanması yalnızca prim ödeme gün sayısını artırır, ancak emeklilik tarihini öne çekmez.
Fakat çalışmaya başlamadan önce askere giden bir sigortalı askerlik borçlanması yaparsa, ilk kez sigortalı olduğu tarih borçlanma süresi kadar geriye gider. Örneğin, ilk kez 1 Ocak 2000 tarihinde sigortalı olan ve askerliğini 1999 yılında, yani sigortalı olarak çalışmaya başlamadan önce yapan bir sigortalı, altı aylık askerlik borçlanması yaparak iki yıl daha erken emekli olabilir. Normalde 1 Ocak 2000'deki sigorta girişi nedeniyle 60 yaşında emekli olabilecek olan bu kişi, altı aylık borçlanma ile sigorta girişini altı ay öne çekecek ve 1 Temmuz 1999 sigorta girişi üzerinden 58 yaşında emekli olma hakkına kavuşacaktır. Ancak önce sigortalı olarak çalışan daha sonra askere giden bir kişinin yapacağı askerlik borçlanması sigortalılık girişini geriye çekmeyecek, yalnızca prim ödeme gün sayısını artıracaktır.
BORÇLANMA İÇİN PRİM YATMAMIŞ OLMASI GEREKİR?
Askerlik borçlanması yapılabilmesi için askerlik süresince kişi adına sigorta primi yatırılmamış olması gerekir. SSK 'lı çalışanlar için işverenlerce askerlik süresince sigorta primi yatırılmaz. Yani, askere giden işçi adına işveren prim ödemesi yapmaz. Bu dönemde prim yatırıldığı tespit edilirse fiili çalışma söz konusu olamayacağı için SGK tarafından askerlik süresince ödenen primler iptal edilir. Dolayısıyla, askere giden çalışanların kendilerini bir işyerinden sigortalı göstermeleri doğru olmayacaktır. Diğer yandan, Bağ Kur'lular için askerlik süresince prim yatırılması mümkündür. Bağ Kur'lu kişilerden işlerinin başında fiilen bulunması gerekmeyenler, askerlik döneminde primlerini ödemeye devam edebilirler. Ancak SSK'lılar için askerlik döneminde prim ödenmesi mümkün değildir, borçlanma yapılması gerekir.
NE FAYDA SAĞLAR
Askerlik borçlanması, borçlanan kişinin prim ödeme gün sayısının artmasını sağlar. Dolayısıyla, emekli olmak için gerekli sigortalılık süresi ve yaş şartını sağlayan, ancak çalıştığı günler emekli olmasına yetmeyen bir sigortalı askerlik borçlanması ile emekli olmaya hak kazanabilir. Örneğin, emekli olmasına altı ay kalan bir erkek sigortalı, altı ay daha çalışmak yerine altı aylık askerlik süresini borçlanarak hemen emekli olabilir.
E-Devlet Giriş Yöntemleri Nelerdir?
Vatandaşlık sayfasına/bilgilerine ulaşmak, resmi kurumlarda işlem yapmak veya bilgi almak için e-Devlet sistemini kullanmak zorunda kaldığınızda, e-Devlet giriş işlemlerini birkaç farklı yöntemle gerçekleştirebilirsiniz. Buna göre en güncel şekilde e-Devlet sistemi giriş yöntemleri ise;
• e-Devlet şifresi,
• Mobil imza,
• e-İmza,
• T.C. Kimlik Kartı,
• İnternet Bankacılığı, Şeklindedir. Bu giriş yöntemlerinden herhangi birisini kullanarak, e-Devlet girişini yapabilirsiniz. e-Devlet şifresi ile giriş yönteminin dışındaki tüm giriş yöntemlerinde işlem yapabilme açısından herhangi bir kısıtlama bulunmuyor. E-Devlet şifresinde ise çok spesifik vatandaşlık bilgisi değişim/güncelleme taleplerinde sınırlama uygulanıyor. Bu kısıtlama temel olarak bireylerin, vatandaşlık bilgilerinin güvenliğinin sağlanması amacı taşıyor.
E-Devlet Şifresi ile Giriş Nasıl Yapılır?
E-Devlet şifresi sistem için her vatandaşa özel olarak üretilen şifrelerdir. Kendi e-Devlet şifrenizi PTT şubelerine yapacağınız bireysel başvurunuzu T.C. kimlik kartı veya nüfus cüzdanı ile gerçekleştirerek, alabilirsiniz.
İlk e-Devlet şifre alımında 2 TL ücret talep edilirken, şifrenizi kaybetmeniz ya da unutmanız gibi durumlarda ise tekrar şifre alımı 4 TL olarak ücretlendiriliyor. Alacağınız e-Devlet şifresi sisteme ilk girişte ya da daha sonraki girişler sırasında isteğinize göre özel bir şifre ile değiştirebilirsiniz. Böylelikle sonraki işlemlerde belirlenen özel şifreyi kullanabilirsiniz. E-Devlet şifresi ile giriş işlemleri için giriş sayfasında bulunan "E-Devlet Şifresi İle Giriş" penceresinde "T.C. kimlik kartı" ve "e-Devlet şifresi" bilgilerini paylaşmak yeterlidir.