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Recep ayı içerisinde yer alan hayırlı gecelerden birisi olan Miraç gecesi bu gece idrak ediliyor. Miraç gecesi ne oldu sorusuna yanıt aranıyor. Miraç Kandili fazileti ve önemi nedir? Müslümanlar için önemli günlerden birisi olan Miraç Kandili'nde vatandaşlar ibadetlerini yerine getiriyor. Dualar ediliyor, namazlar kılınıyor. Peki, Miraç ne demek , kelime anlamı nedir? Miraç gecesi ne oldu? Recep ayının 27. gecesine Miraç gecesi denir. Miraç kelime anlamıyla itibariyle göğe çıkma, yükselme anlamlarına gelir. İsra ve Miraç hadise si, Peygamber Efendimizin (s.a.v) hicretinden 18 ay evvel vukü bulmuştur.
MİRAÇ GECESİ NE OLDU 7 KAT SEMAYI NASIL DOLAŞTI
Bir gece Kâbe–i Muazzama'nın Hatîm mevkiinde yatarken, Cebrail gelip mübarek göğüslerini yardı, kalbini zemzem suyu ile yıkadıktan sonra içini iman ve hikmetle doldurup eski hâline koydu. Sonra beyaz bir binek Burak ile (normalde bir aylık mesafedeki) Mescid–i Aksa'ya uçtular. Orada bütün peygamberlerin ruhlarına imam olup namaz kıldırdı. Bu, onların şeriatlerinin asıllarına mutlak varis olduğunu ifade ediyordu. Bir de kendisine su, şarap ve süt takdim edildi. Hazreti Muhammed sütü içti. Bu ümmetinin doğru yola iletildiğini ifade ediyordu. Ardından yüceliklere yükseltici bir mirac (manevî asansör) ile göklere çıkartılıp yedi kat semaları bir bir dolaştırılmıştır.
1. kat semada: Hz. Adem'le, 2. kat'ta Hz. İsa ve Hz. Yahya, 3. kat'ta Hz. Yusuf, 4. kat'ta Hz. İdris, 5. kat'ta Hz. Harun, 6. kat'ta Hz. Musa 7. kat'ta Hz. İbrahim ile görüştü.
Melekleri, Cennet ve Cehennem'e kadar bütünüyle ahiret hayatını müşahede etti. Miraç gecesi bütün mülk ve melekût âlemlerini dolaştı. Cebrail Hazreti Muhammed'i daha da yükseklere çıkardı, öyle bir fezaya vardılar ki kaderleri yazan kalemlerin cızırtıları duyuluyordu. Nihayet varlıklar âleminin son sınırı olan Sidretü 'l–Müntehâ'ya ulaştılar. Cebrail:
-"İşte burası Sidretü'l–Müntehâ'dır. Ben buradan bir parmak ucu ileri geçecek olursam, yanarım" dedi.
Hz. Muhammed 'e Sidre'de dört kutsal nehir ve her gün yetmiş bin meleğin ziyaret ettiği Beyt–i Ma'mûr gösterildi. Sonra kendisine şarap, süt ve bal dolu üç bardak sunuldu. O, yine sütü tercih etti.
Hazreti Muhammed o gece şehitlerin ve muttakilerin cenneti olan Cennetü'l–Me'vâ'yı temaşa etti. Cebrail'i geride bırakan Hz. Muhammed, burada Refref'e binerek Arş–ı A'lâ'ya geçti ve Kâb–ı Kavseyn olarak belirtilen "imkân dairesinin bitiş, vücûb dairesinin başlama sınırına" ulaştı. Huzûr–u Kibriya'da Allah'a ok yayının iki ucu kadar, hattâ daha fazla yaklaştı. Cemâlullah'ı perdesiz ve vasıtasız olarak onunla zaman ve mekandan menüzzeh konuştu. Daha sonra tekrar Refref'le Sidre'ye geri döndü. Orada Cebrail'i asıl hüviyetiyle –tıpkı ilk defa Hira'da gördüğü şekliyle– gördü. Müteakiben de yine Cebrail ile birlikte göz kırpması kadar kısa bir zaman parçasında dünyaya döndü.
Hz. Peygamber'in mi'racda Allah'ı görüp görmediği meselesi, onun sidretü 'l-müntehâda "iki yay ucu aralığı kadar" (kābe kavseyn) Allah'a yaklaştığını ve O'nu gördüğünü bildiren âyetlere dayanır (en-Necm 53/7-14). Bu âyetlerde söz konusu edilen yaklaşmanın kimlerin arasında meydana geldiği ve Resûl-i Ekrem 'in kimi gördüğü hususu iki şekilde anlaşılmaktadır. Sahâbeden Hz. Âişe, Abdullah b. Mes'ûd, Ebû Zer el-Gıfârî, Ebû Hüreyre; tâbiînden Mücâhid b. Cebr, Hasan-ı Basrî, Katâde b. Diâme, Rebî' b. Enes ve müfessirlerin çoğu yaklaşma hadise sinin Hz. Peygamber ile Cebrâil arasında gerçekleştiğini kabul eder (Taberî, XXVII, 44-45; İbnü'l-Cevzî, VIII, 66).
Diğer görüş ise yaklaşmanın doğrudan Allah'la Resûl-i Ekrem arasında meydana geldiği şeklindedir. Enes b. Mâlik'ten Şerîk b. Abdullah yoluyla gelen mi'rac rivayeti buna delil teşkil etmektedir (Buhârî, "Tevḥîd", 37). Ancak hâfızası zayıf olduğu bilinen Şerîk'in nakledilen metni tam koruyamadığı bilinmektedir (İbn Hacer, XII, 492). Rivayetlerde sidretü'l-müntehâya sadece peygamber ve meleklerin ulaşabildiği ve orayı geçmenin yalnız Resûlullah'a mahsus olduğu kaydedilir (Süyûtî, s. 76). Ancak İslâm âlimleri, Allah ile Resulü arasında böyle bir yakınlaşmanın açıkça tecessüme delâlet ettiğini ve ilgili metinlerin zaptı doğru olsa bile zâhirî mânalarıyla kabul edilemeyeceğini belirtmişlerdir.
MİRAÇ KANDİLİ'NİN FAZİLETİ
Miraç: varoluş gaye ve hikmeti anlayarak, kendisi çevresi ve Rabbiyle barışık, huzur ve güven içinde bir hayatın; kan, gözyaşı, işgal yoksulluk ve sefaletin olmadığı bir dünyanın inşası için çalışmaktır.
Hadislere göre Hz Muhammed bu yükselmede gök katlarını Cebrail ile birlikte aşarken sırayla Âdem, Yusuf, Yahya ve İsa, İdris, Harun, Musa ve İbrahim peygamberleri görmüş, yedinci kat gökten sonra Sidret'ül münteha'ya çıkmıştır. Cebrail'in Sidretü 'l-Münteha'dan ileriye geçememesi üzerine yolculuğunu tek olarak sürdürmüş, zaman, mekân ve cihetin olmadığı ifade edilen katta Allah ile aracısız görüşmüştür.
MİRAÇ KANDİLİ'NDE HANGİ İBADETLER EDİLİR?
*Bol bol zikir, evrad ü ezkarda bulunulmalı.
*Mü"minlerle helalleşilmeli; onlarla irtibatımız cihetinden rızaları alınmalı.
*Küs ve dargın olanlar barıştırılmalı; gönüller alınmalı; kederli yüzler güldürülmeli.
*Kişi kendine ve diğer Mü"min kardeşlerine hattâ isim zikrederek dualar etmeli.
*O gece ile ilgili âyetler , hadîsler ve bunların yorumları ilgili kitaplardan ferden veya cemaaten okunmalı.
*Kandil gecesinin akşam, yatsı ve Sabah namazları cemaatle ve camilerde kılınmalı.
*Bu kandil gecelerinin gündüzlerinde mümkün olduğunca oruç tutulmalı.
GÜNDÜZÜNDE ORUÇ TUTMAK
Recep ayının 27. gecesine denk gelen Mîraç Kandili'nin gündüzünde Allah dostları oruç tutulmasını tavsiye ediyorlar.
Mahmud Sami Ramazanoğlu (k.s.) Dualar ve Zikirler kitabında: "Gündüzünde oruçlu bulunmalıdır. Ma'sıyete dâir olmaksızın yapılacak her duânnın kabulü inâyet-i ilâhiyyeden umulur." buyurmuşlardır.
Miraç'daki en mühim hususlardan biri, beş vakit namazın farz kılınmasıdır. Hak dostları bu gecede namaz kılmanın ehemmiyetine dikkat çekmişler ve namaz borcu olanların kaza namazı kılmalarını tavsiye etmişlerdir.
DUA ETMEK
Bu mübârek geceler, rabbimize duâ ve niyazda bulunma zamanlarıdır.
Ayet-i kerîmede buyrulur: "(Ey Rasûlüm!) De ki: Sizin duâ ve niyâzlarınız olmazsa, Rabbim size ne diye değer versin?.." (el-Furkân, 77)
Yine rabbimizin verdiği nimetlere hamd ve şükür halinde bulunmayı unutmamalıdır. Nitekim hadis-i şerifte duânın kabul olmasının iki şartından birinin hamd diğerinin de salavat olduğu bildirilmiştir.
KUR'AN-I KERİM OKUMAK
Mîraç gecesinde Peygamber Efendimize hediye edilenlerden biri de Bakara Sûresi'nin son iki ayetidir. (bk. Müslim, Îman, 279) Allah dostları bu gece çokça Kur'ân-ı Kerîm okunmasını tavsiye buyurmuşlardır.
Kütüb-ü Sitte'de Abdullah b. Mes'ûd'dan rivayet olunan bir hadis-i şerifte söyle buyrulmuştur:
"Her kim geceleyin Bakara Sûresi'nden bu iki âyeti okursa ona yeter."
Ebû Zerr -radıyallâhu anh-:
"−Yâ Rasûlallâh! Bana nasihatte bulun!" dediğinde Âlemlerin Efendisi:
"−Kur'ân okumaya ve Allâh'ı zikretmeye bak, çünkü Kur'ân yeryüzünde senin için bir nûr, gökyüzünde de bir azıktır." buyurmuştur. (İbn-i Hibbân, II, 78)
Allah Teâla şirke düşmeyenlerin büyük günahlarını affedeceğini bu gecede müjdelemiştir. (bk. Müslim, Îman, 279)
Hazret-i Peygamber -sallâllâhu aleyhi ve sellem-: Efendimiz: "Ben, günde yüz kere istiğfâr ederim…" (Müslim, Zikir, 42) buyurmuşlardır.
Müslim'de rivâyet edilen bir hadîs-i şerîfte şöyle buyrulur:
"Rasûlullâh -sallâllâhu aleyhi ve sellem-'e (Mîrâc'da) üç şey verildi: Beş vakit namaz, Bakara Sûresi'nin sonu ve ümmetinden şirke düşmeyenlere büyük günahlarının affedildiği haberi…" (Müslim, Îman, 279)
MİRAÇ GECESİYLE GELEN HEDİYELER
Hazreti Muhammed "Ben mi'racdan daha güzel bir şey görmüş değilim." diyerek o gecenin önemini anlatmıştır. Miraç Gecesi dünyaya dönerken ümmetine hediyeler getirmiştir. Bu hediyeler şunlardır;
Birincisi : Beş vakit farz namazı getirmiştir. İhsan şuuruyla kılınan namazlar, ümmetin mirac asansörleri olacaktır.
İkincisi: "Âmenerrasûlü" diye bilinen âyetleri getirmiştir. (Bakara, 2/285–286)
Üçüncüsü: İsra Suresi'nin 22–39. âyetlerinde bahsedilen on iki adet İslâm prensibini getirmiştir.
Dördüncüsü: Allah'a hiçbir şeyi ortak koşmadan ölen kimselerin günahlarının affedileceği ve Cennet'e girecekleri müjdesini getirmiştir.
Beşincisi: İyi amele niyetlenen kişiye –onu yapamasa bile– bir sevap; eğer yaparsa on sevap yazılacağı; fakat kötü amele niyetlenen kişiye –onu yapmadığı müddetçe– hiçbir günahın yazılmayacağı; ancak işlediği zaman da sadece bir günah yazılacağı müjdesini getirdi.
Bir diğer hediye de, Mi'rac gecesi Allah ile karşılıklı selâmlaşma ve sohbetlerinden bazı sözleri getirmiştir ki et–Tahiyyâtü diye meşhur olan bu sözler, bütün namazlarda otururken okunmakla Miraç 'da Allah ile Habibi arasındaki o kutsî sohbeti hatırlatmakta ve benzerî bir mükâlemeye namaz kılanı mazhar etmektedir.
MİRAÇ GECESİ PEYGAMBERİMİZİN DİLEK DUASI
Duaların kabul olduğu özel vakitler vardır. Miraç Kandili de o vakitlerden ve o kıymetli gecelerden biridir. Bu gecede edilecek dualar reddolunmaz. Peki dileklerinizin kabulü için nasıl dua etmelisiniz? Aşağıda vereceğimiz duayı Peygamberimiz gözleri kör olan birinin isteği üzerine söylemiştir. O kişi Hazreti Muhammed'e gelip 'Ya Resulallah! Allahü teâlâya dua et, gözlerim açılsın' deyince ona abdest alıp aşağıdaki duayı etmesini söylemiştir. -"Yâ Rabbi! Sana yalvarıyorum. Sevgili Peygamberin Muhammed aleyhisselamı araya koyarak, senden istiyorum. Ey çok sevdiğim Peygamberim Muhammed aleyhisselam, seni vesile ederek, Rabbime yalvarıyorum. Senin hatırın için kabul etmesini istiyorum. Ya Rabbi, bu yüce Peygamberi bana şefaatçi eyle! Onun hürmetine duamı kabul et!"
Tırmizi'nin aktardığına göre bu duayı okuyanlar dileklerine ve isteklerine kavuşmuşlardır.